{"dataset":"Bitcoin's Dead — Milestones","description":"Canonical timeline of pivotal events in Bitcoin's history — protocol upgrades, market tops, regulatory turning points, exchange collapses, sovereign adoption — with the BTC price at the time and the multiple to today.","source":"https://bitcoinsdead.com","license":"CC-BY-4.0 — attribution to bitcoinsdead.com required","generatedAt":"2026-05-31T17:58:39.366Z","count":290,"currentBtcUsd":73594,"events":[{"id":"sec-approves-the-ishares-bitcoin-premium-income-etf-2026","date":"2026-05-29","title":"SEC approves the iShares Bitcoin Premium Income ETF","summary":"The SEC granted accelerated approval for Nasdaq to list BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin Premium Income ETF, an actively managed fund writing call options on IBIT and spot-bitcoin indices for yield. It capped a wave of structured bitcoin ETFs arriving under the SEC's faster 75-day listing regime.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":73384.46,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":0.29,"multiple":1.003,"links":[{"label":"Traders Union — SEC approves Nasdaq bid to list iShares Bitcoin Premium Income ETF","url":"https://tradersunion.com/news/regulators/show/2176968-sec-approves-ishares-bitcoin-etf/","type":"news"},{"label":"The Block — Crypto ETFs head into 2026 with regulatory tailwinds","url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/383361/crypto-etfs-2026-regulatory-tailwinds-issuers-brace-crowded-year","type":"news"},{"label":"SEC EDGAR — iShares Bitcoin Premium Income ETF Form S-1/A","url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0002089969/000143774926018892/bitp20260527_s1a.htm","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sec-approves-the-ishares-bitcoin-premium-income-etf-2026"},{"id":"clarity-act-clears-the-senate-banking-committee-2026","date":"2026-05-14","title":"CLARITY Act clears the Senate Banking Committee","summary":"The Digital Asset Market Clarity Act — the crypto industry's top legislative priority — cleared the Senate Banking Committee 15-9, with two Democrats joining Republicans. The bill would give the CFTC jurisdiction over digital-commodity spot markets. It still needed a full Senate vote and reconciliation with the House version before becoming law.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":81078.53,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-9.23,"multiple":0.908,"links":[{"label":"CNBC — Crypto industry scores win as Clarity Act clears Senate hurdle","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/05/14/clarity-act-congress-crypto-senate.html","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Clarity Act unveiled by US Senate Banking Committee","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2026/05/11/clarity-act-in-the-flesh-unveiled-by-u-s-senate-banking-committee-before-hearing","type":"news"},{"label":"Congress.gov — H.R.3633 Digital Asset Market Clarity Act text","url":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3633/text","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/clarity-act-clears-the-senate-banking-committee-2026"},{"id":"kelpdao-drained-for-292m-largest-defi-hack-of-2026-2026","date":"2026-04-19","title":"KelpDAO drained for ~$292M — largest DeFi hack of 2026","summary":"A hacker drained roughly $292 million from restaking protocol Kelp DAO, the largest DeFi exploit of 2026 and, with the Drift attack weeks earlier, part of a Lazarus Group spree. April 2026 became the most-hacked month in crypto history, with 28-plus attacks and over $625 million stolen.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":73824.27,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-0.31,"multiple":0.997,"links":[{"label":"TheStreet — Major DeFi hack becomes the largest of 2026 yet","url":"https://www.thestreet.com/crypto/markets/major-defi-hack-becomes-the-largest-of-2026-yet","type":"news"},{"label":"CCN — DeFi Hacks 2026: every major exploit, cause & amount stolen","url":"https://www.ccn.com/education/crypto/defi-hacks-exploits-causes-crypto-stolen-2026/","type":"reference"},{"label":"TRM Labs — North Korea stole 76% of all 2026 hack value in two attacks","url":"https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/north-korea-stole-76-of-all-crypto-hack-value-in-2026-with-just-two-attacks","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/kelpdao-drained-for-292m-largest-defi-hack-of-2026-2026"},{"id":"drift-protocol-exploited-for-285m-2026","date":"2026-04-01","title":"Drift Protocol exploited for ~$285M","summary":"On April Fool's Day, Solana-based DeFi platform Drift Protocol was drained of roughly $285 million and suspended deposits and withdrawals. Investigators tied it to North Korea's Lazarus Group — one of two nine-figure 2026 heists attributed to the regime.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":68108.11,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":8.05,"multiple":1.081,"links":[{"label":"TechCrunch — Drift suspends deposits and withdrawals after hack","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/01/de-fi-platform-drift-suspends-deposits-and-withdrawals-after-millions-in-crypto-stolen-in-hack/","type":"news"},{"label":"Yahoo Finance — Drift Protocol hit by $285M exploit","url":"https://finance.yahoo.com/markets/crypto/articles/drift-protocol-hit-285m-exploit-074032288.html","type":"news"},{"label":"TRM Labs — North Korea stole 76% of all 2026 hack value in two attacks","url":"https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/north-korea-stole-76-of-all-crypto-hack-value-in-2026-with-just-two-attacks","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/drift-protocol-exploited-for-285m-2026"},{"id":"fannie-mae-accepts-its-first-crypto-backed-mortgage-2026","date":"2026-03-26","title":"Fannie Mae accepts its first crypto-backed mortgage","summary":"Fannie Mae began accepting crypto-backed mortgages through a Coinbase and Better partnership, letting buyers pledge Bitcoin or USDC toward a down payment without selling. Following a June 2025 FHFA directive, it was the first time a US housing giant counted crypto as mortgage collateral.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":68781.63,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":7,"multiple":1.07,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Coinbase, Fannie Mae bring crypto-backed mortgages to homebuyers","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2026/03/26/coinbase-fannie-mae-bring-crypto-backed-mortgages-to-homebuyers","type":"news"},{"label":"CNBC — Fannie Mae accepts first crypto-backed mortgage product","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/03/26/fannie-mae-accepts-first-crypto-backed-mortgage-product.html","type":"news"},{"label":"Fortune — Housing giant Fannie Mae to accept crypto-backed mortgages","url":"https://fortune.com/2026/03/26/housing-giant-fannie-mae-to-accept-crypto-backed-mortgages-for-the-first-time/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/fannie-mae-accepts-its-first-crypto-backed-mortgage-2026"},{"id":"sec-and-cftc-issue-joint-crypto-framework-2026","date":"2026-03-11","title":"SEC and CFTC issue joint crypto framework","summary":"The SEC and CFTC signed a memorandum of understanding and issued a joint interpretation laying out a token taxonomy — digital commodities, collectibles, stablecoins, and securities — and clarifying how securities law applies to airdrops, staking, and wrapped assets. Chairman Paul Atkins billed it as drawing 'clear lines in clear terms.'","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":70205.19,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":4.83,"multiple":1.048,"links":[{"label":"SEC — Clarifies the Application of Federal Securities Laws to Crypto Assets","url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2026-30-sec-clarifies-application-federal-securities-laws-crypto-assets","type":"primary"},{"label":"The Block — Crypto regulation in 2026: SEC's agenda meets an empowered CFTC","url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/383241/crypto-regulation-2026-sec-ambitious-agenda-empowered-cftc","type":"news"},{"label":"Latham & Watkins — US Crypto Policy Tracker: Regulatory Developments","url":"https://www.lw.com/en/us-crypto-policy-tracker/regulatory-developments","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sec-and-cftc-issue-joint-crypto-framework-2026"},{"id":"fidelity-dormant-2026","date":"2026-02-15","title":"Fidelity calls 2026 a 'dormant year' for Bitcoin","summary":"Director of Global Macro Jurrien Timmer projects BTC support of $65k-$75k for the year. Implies the cycle-5 top has been set. Inevitable obituaries follow.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":67500,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":9.03,"multiple":1.09,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: Fidelity's Jurrien Timmer: Expect lame 2026 as four-year bitcoin cycle appears intact","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/12/20/fidelity-s-jurrien-timmer-expect-lame-2026-as-four-year-bitcoin-cycle-appears-intact","type":"news"},{"label":"CryptoSlate: Fidelity's latest Bitcoin chart pattern signals a 2026 'off-year'","url":"https://cryptoslate.com/fidelitys-latest-bitcoin-chart-pattern-signals-a-2026-off-year-that-could-drag-prices-down-to-this-brutal-support-level/","type":"reference"},{"label":"Yahoo Finance: Fidelity's Jurrien Timmer: Expect lame 2026 as four-year bitcoin cycle appears intact","url":"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/fidelitys-jurrien-timmer-expect-lame-150000786.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/fidelity-calls-2026-dormant-year"},{"id":"bitcoin-crashes-52-to-60-000-bear-market-confirmed-2026","date":"2026-02-06","title":"Bitcoin crashes ~52% to ~$60,000; bear market confirmed","summary":"Bitcoin fell to roughly $60,000 — a ~52% drawdown from its October 2025 record — as a tech-stock rout, unwinding leverage, and record ETF outflows converged. The trigger was macro, not crypto: Trump's nomination of Kevin Warsh as Fed chair gutted rate-cut odds and repriced risk. Price broke its 365-day moving average for the first time since 2022, and analysts pronounced a full bear market.","category":"market","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":70535.76,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":4.34,"multiple":1.043,"links":[{"label":"VanEck — What Triggered Bitcoin's Major Selloff in February 2026","url":"https://www.vaneck.com/us/en/blogs/digital-assets/matthew-sigel-what-triggered-bitcoins-major-selloff-in-february-2026/","type":"news"},{"label":"Bitcoin.com — K33: $60K bottom was the bear market's maximum drawdown","url":"https://news.bitcoin.com/k33-research-bitcoin-bear-market-bottom-60000-maximum-drawdown-2026/","type":"news"},{"label":"Backpack — Bitcoin Crash 2026: what triggered the 52% sell-off","url":"https://learn.backpack.exchange/articles/bitcoin-crash","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-crashes-52-to-60-000-bear-market-confirmed-2026"},{"id":"bhutan-pledges-up-to-10-000-btc-to-fund-gelephu-mindfulness-city-2025","date":"2025-12-17","title":"Bhutan pledges up to 10,000 BTC to fund Gelephu Mindfulness City","summary":"During his National Day address, Bhutan's King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck announced a formal pledge of up to 10,000 BTC, worth roughly $860 million to $1 billion, to bankroll the long-term build-out of Gelephu Mindfulness City. Rather than selling the coins, officials say they will preserve capital via collateralized lending, treasury strategies, and long-term holding, with the actual deployment mechanics still to be decided in the coming months. It is the first time a state has earmarked a slice of its sovereign Bitcoin stack to fund a flagship national project, which is either visionary treasury management or a very large bet pending the next bear market.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":86223.21,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-14.65,"multiple":0.854,"links":[{"label":"Bhutan Commits Up to 10,000 Bitcoin to Back New Mindfulness-Based Economic Hub (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/12/17/bhutan-commits-up-to-10-000-bitcoin-to-back-new-mindfulness-based-economic-hub","type":"news"},{"label":"Bhutan Pledges 10,000 Bitcoin Worth $1B to Fund Mindfulness City (Decrypt)","url":"https://decrypt.co/352685/bhutan-pledges-10000-bitcoin-worth-1b-fund-mindfulness-city","type":"news"},{"label":"Bhutan Promises Up To 10,000 Bitcoin For New Mega-City (Bitcoin Magazine)","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/featured/bhutan-10000-bitcoin-to-build-mega-city","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bhutan-pledges-up-to-10-000-btc-to-fund-gelephu-mindfulness-city-2025"},{"id":"tariff-crash","date":"2025-10-10","title":"Tariff Crash — $19B liquidated in hours","summary":"US-China 100% tariff threats spike global risk-off. BTC drops 14% to $104k. $19B of leveraged crypto positions liquidated in a single afternoon — the largest cascading liquidation event in crypto history.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":104000,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-29.24,"multiple":0.708,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — 'Largest Ever' Crypto Liquidation Event Wipes Out 6,300 Wallets on Hyperliquid (Oct 11, 2025)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/10/11/largest-ever-crypto-liquidation-event-wipes-out-6-300-wallets-on-hyperliquid","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk Research — Market Spotlight: The $19 Billion Liquidation That Shook Crypto","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/research/market-spotlight-the-19-billion-liquidation-that-shook-crypto","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinGecko — What Is October 10th? Crypto's 10/10 Mass Market Liquidation Event","url":"https://www.coingecko.com/learn/october-10-crypto-crash-explained","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/tariff-crash-19b-liquidations-2025"},{"id":"ath-126k","date":"2025-10-06","title":"BTC all-time high of $126,296","summary":"Cycle-5 top. The first ATH set with sovereign reserve buying confirmed in the bid stack. Lasts four days before tariff-induced unwind.","category":"market","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":126296,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-41.73,"multiple":0.583,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Bitcoin Rally Fueled by 'Perfect Macro Storm,' Sets New ATH $126,223 (Oct 6, 2025)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/10/06/bitcoin-rally-fueled-by-perfect-macro-storm-ether-doge-bnb-surge","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Bitcoin's October Peak Was Over $126K (Dec 23, 2025)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/12/23/bitcoin-s-october-peak-was-over-usd126k-but-inflation-adjusted-price-never-hit-usd100k","type":"reference"},{"label":"Carbon Credits — Bitcoin Breaks Records Passing $126K (Oct 6, 2025)","url":"https://carboncredits.com/bitcoin-breaks-records-passing-126k-the-bull-run-thats-redefining-digital-gold-and-climate-debate/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-ath-126296-2025"},{"id":"sec-etf-rules","date":"2025-09-15","title":"SEC adopts standard ETF listing rules","summary":"Eliminates case-by-case 19b-4 reviews for many crypto ETFs. Approval timeline cut from 270 days to 75. The pipeline of new altcoin ETFs opens.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":115000,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-36.01,"multiple":0.64,"links":[{"label":"SEC Approves Generic Listing Standards for Commodity-Based Trust Shares (official SEC press release 2025-121, Sept 17 2025)","url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2025-121-sec-approves-generic-listing-standards-commodity-based-trust-shares","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk: SEC Makes Spot Crypto ETF Listing Process Easier, Approves Grayscale's Large-Cap Crypto Fund","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/09/17/sec-makes-spot-crypto-etf-listing-process-easier-approves-grayscale-s-large-cap-crypto-fund","type":"news"},{"label":"National Law Review: Setting the (Generic) Standard — SEC Clears the Path for Listing Commodity-Based and Crypto ETPs","url":"https://natlawreview.com/article/setting-generic-standard-sec-clears-path-listing-commodity-based-and-crypto-etps","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sec-standard-listing-rules-crypto-etfs-2025"},{"id":"trump-signs-the-genius-act-the-first-u-s-federal-stablecoin-law-2025","date":"2025-07-18","title":"Trump signs the GENIUS Act, the first U.S. federal stablecoin law","summary":"On July 18, 2025, President Trump signed the GENIUS Act into law, establishing the first U.S. federal framework for payment stablecoins one day after the House passed it 308-122. The statute mandates 100% reserve backing in cash or short-term Treasuries plus monthly public reserve disclosures, finally giving issuers like Tether and Circle the rulebook they had spent years lobbying for.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":118025.92,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-37.65,"multiple":0.624,"links":[{"label":"White House fact sheet: Trump signs GENIUS Act into law","url":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/07/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-signs-genius-act-into-law/","type":"primary"},{"label":"SEC Chairman Atkins statement on GENIUS Act signing","url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/speeches-statements/atkins-statement-genius-act-071825","type":"primary"},{"label":"GENIUS Act - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GENIUS_Act","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/trump-signs-the-genius-act-the-first-u-s-federal-stablecoin-law-2025"},{"id":"us-house-passes-the-clarity-act-2025","date":"2025-07-17","title":"US House passes the CLARITY Act","summary":"During Congress's 'Crypto Week' the House passes the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act 294-134, a market-structure bill assigning the CFTC jurisdiction over digital-commodity spot markets.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":119282.74,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-38.3,"multiple":0.617,"links":[{"label":"Congress.gov — H.R.3633 (119th)","url":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3633/text","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — US House Passes Crypto Market Structure Legislation","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/07/17/us-house-passes-crypto-market-structure-legislation-moves-on-to-stablecoin-vote","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/us-house-passes-the-clarity-act-2025"},{"id":"etf-in-kind","date":"2025-07-15","title":"SEC permits in-kind crypto ETF creations/redemptions","summary":"Removes the cash-only constraint imposed at original ETF approval. Lets authorised participants exchange BTC directly with the fund. Dramatically lowers tracking error and fund operating costs.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":117000,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-37.1,"multiple":0.629,"links":[{"label":"SEC Approves In-Kind Redemptions for All Spot Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) ETFs — CoinDesk","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/07/29/sec-approves-in-kind-redemptions-for-all-spot-bitcoin-ethereum-etfs","type":"news"},{"label":"SEC Approves In-Kind Creations and Redemptions for Crypto Asset ETPs — Dechert OnPoint","url":"https://www.dechert.com/knowledge/onpoint/2025/8/sec-approves-in-kind-creations-and-redemptions-for-crypto-asset-.html","type":"reference"},{"label":"SEC greenlights in-kind redemptions for Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs — Crypto Briefing","url":"https://cryptobriefing.com/sec-approves-in-kind-redemptions-bitcoin-ethereum-etfs/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sec-permits-in-kind-etf-creations-2025"},{"id":"bitcoin-crosses-120-000-as-crypto-week-opens-2025","date":"2025-07-14","title":"Bitcoin crosses $120,000 as 'Crypto Week' opens","summary":"Bitcoin surpasses $120,000 for the first time (reaching ~$123,000) as the US House opens 'Crypto Week' to debate the GENIUS and CLARITY bills amid heavy ETF inflows.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":119869.01,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-38.6,"multiple":0.614,"links":[{"label":"CNBC — Bitcoin hits new all-time high above $120,000","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/14/bitcoin-hits-new-all-time-high-above-120000-fueled-by-etf-inflows-crypto.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-crosses-120-000-as-crypto-week-opens-2025"},{"id":"first-us-solana-etf-rex-osprey-ssk-launches-2025","date":"2025-07-02","title":"First US Solana ETF (REX-Osprey SSK) launches","summary":"The REX-Osprey SOL + Staking ETF debuts as the first US-listed ETF offering spot Solana exposure plus staking rewards — widening regulated crypto products beyond BTC and ETH.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":108886.62,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-32.41,"multiple":0.676,"links":[{"label":"REX Shares — First US ETF with Solana Exposure Plus Staking","url":"https://www.rexshares.com/rex-osprey-launches-first-u-s-etf-with-solana-exposure-plus-staking-rewards/","type":"primary"},{"label":"Fortune — First Solana ETF launches","url":"https://fortune.com/crypto/2025/07/02/solana-etf-rex-financial-osprey-funds-altcoins/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/first-us-solana-etf-rex-osprey-ssk-launches-2025"},{"id":"genius-act","date":"2025-06-17","title":"US Senate passes the GENIUS Act","summary":"First major federal stablecoin and digital-asset framework. Bipartisan vote signals that crypto-as-policy is now permanent infrastructure, not partisan football.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":110000,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-33.1,"multiple":0.669,"links":[{"label":"S.1582 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): GENIUS Act — Congress.gov (official bill page; Senate passed 68-30 on June 17, 2025)","url":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1582","type":"primary"},{"label":"Senate Passes GENIUS Act, Clearing Hurdle for Federal Stablecoin Framework — Jones Day","url":"https://www.jonesday.com/en/insights/2025/06/senate-passes-genius-act-clearing-hurdle-for-federal-stablecoin-framework","type":"news"},{"label":"GENIUS Act — Wikipedia (Senate passed June 17, 2025, 68-30)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GENIUS_Act","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/us-senate-passes-genius-act-2025"},{"id":"circle-crcl-ipos-on-the-nyse-closing-up-168-on-debut-2025","date":"2025-06-05","title":"Circle (CRCL) IPOs on the NYSE, closing up ~168% on debut","summary":"Circle, the issuer of the USDC stablecoin, went public on the NYSE on June 5, 2025, pricing its upsized IPO above range at $31 per share and raising roughly $1.1 billion. The stock promptly closed up about 168% at $83.23 (touching $100 intraday), making it the first pure-play stablecoin issuer to trade publicly and arriving just as Washington was finalizing stablecoin legislation.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":101580.61,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-27.55,"multiple":0.724,"links":[{"label":"Stablecoin issuer Circle soars 168% in NYSE debut after pricing IPO above expected range","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2025/06/05/stablecoin-issuer-circle-soars-in-nyse-debut-after-pricing-ipo-above-expected-range.html","type":"news"},{"label":"Circle Announces Pricing of Upsized Initial Public Offering","url":"https://www.circle.com/pressroom/circle-announces-pricing-of-upsized-initial-public-offering","type":"primary"},{"label":"Circle (CRCL) Debuts on NYSE, Trading as Much as 223% Higher Than IPO Price","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/06/05/circle-shares-open-at-69-on-nyse-debut-signaling-strong-appetite-for-stablecoin-issuers","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/circle-crcl-ipos-on-the-nyse-closing-up-168-on-debut-2025"},{"id":"cetus-protocol-drained-of-223m-on-sui-2025","date":"2025-05-22","title":"Cetus Protocol drained of ~$223M on Sui","summary":"Sui's largest DEX, Cetus, is drained of about $223M via an arithmetic-overflow bug, after which Sui validators coordinate to freeze most of the stolen funds on-chain.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":111722.11,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-34.13,"multiple":0.659,"links":[{"label":"Elliptic — Cetus Protocol hacked for more than $200 million","url":"https://www.elliptic.co/blog/cetus-protocol-hacked-for-more-than-200-million","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/cetus-protocol-drained-of-223m-on-sui-2025"},{"id":"coinbase-joins-the-s-and-p-500-2025","date":"2025-05-19","title":"Coinbase joins the S&P 500","summary":"Coinbase becomes the first crypto-native company added to the S&P 500, replacing Discover Financial Services — a milestone of mainstream index recognition for the sector.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":105618.19,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-30.32,"multiple":0.697,"links":[{"label":"S&P Global — Coinbase Global Set to Join S&P 500","url":"https://press.spglobal.com/2025-05-12-Coinbase-Global-Set-to-Join-S-P-500","type":"primary"},{"label":"CNBC — Coinbase joining S&P 500","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/12/coinbase-joining-sp-500-replacing-discover-financial.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/coinbase-joins-the-s-and-p-500-2025"},{"id":"ethereums-pectra-upgrade-activates-2025","date":"2025-05-07","title":"Ethereum's Pectra upgrade activates","summary":"Ethereum's Pectra hard fork goes live on mainnet, bundling 11 EIPs including account abstraction for wallets (EIP-7702), a higher validator balance cap, and increased blob throughput — its largest upgrade since Dencun.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":97052.27,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-24.17,"multiple":0.758,"links":[{"label":"Ethereum Foundation — Pectra is live on mainnet","url":"https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/04/23/pectra-mainnet","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ethereums-pectra-upgrade-activates-2025"},{"id":"us-treasury-delists-tornado-cash-from-sdn-list-after-fifth-circuit-ruling-2025","date":"2025-03-21","title":"US Treasury delists Tornado Cash from SDN list after Fifth Circuit ruling","summary":"On March 21, 2025, Treasury's OFAC removed Tornado Cash and its associated addresses from the SDN list, four months after the Fifth Circuit held in Van Loon v. Treasury that immutable smart contracts are not \"property\" sanctionable under IEEPA. Treasury framed it as a discretionary review rather than a concession, while quietly keeping sanctions on co-founder Roman Semenov and leaving DOJ's criminal cases against the founders untouched.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":84060.48,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-12.45,"multiple":0.875,"links":[{"label":"Treasury press release SB0057","url":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0057","type":"primary"},{"label":"Why OFAC Delisted Tornado Cash (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/04/05/why-ofac-delisted-tornado-cash","type":"news"},{"label":"Treasury Department Delists Tornado Cash Following the Fifth Circuit's Decision (Steptoe)","url":"https://www.steptoe.com/en/news-publications/international-compliance-blog/treasury-department-delists-tornado-cash-following-the-fifth-circuits-decision.html","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/us-treasury-delists-tornado-cash-from-sdn-list-after-fifth-circuit-ruling-2025"},{"id":"strategic-reserve","date":"2025-03-06","title":"US Strategic Bitcoin Reserve established","summary":"Executive Order: ~200,000 BTC seized in prior forfeitures becomes permanent federal reserve. Treasury authorised to acquire more 'budget-neutral' BTC. The first sovereign Bitcoin reserve of a G7 economy.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":88000,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-16.37,"multiple":0.836,"links":[{"label":"Establishment of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and United States Digital Asset Stockpile (Presidential Action / Executive Order, White House)","url":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/03/establishment-of-the-strategic-bitcoin-reserve-and-united-states-digital-asset-stockpile/","type":"primary"},{"label":"Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Establishes the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and U.S. Digital Asset Stockpile (White House)","url":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/03/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-establishes-the-strategic-bitcoin-reserve-and-u-s-digital-asset-stockpile/","type":"reference"},{"label":"U.S. Strategic Bitcoin Reserve (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Strategic_Bitcoin_Reserve","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/us-strategic-bitcoin-reserve-2025"},{"id":"sec-dismisses-its-case-against-coinbase-2025","date":"2025-02-27","title":"SEC dismisses its case against Coinbase","summary":"The SEC files to dismiss its civil enforcement action against Coinbase — a sharp reversal of the prior administration's regulation-by-enforcement approach to crypto.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":84657.34,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-13.07,"multiple":0.869,"links":[{"label":"SEC — Press release 2025-47","url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2025-47","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Coinbase Case Dropped by US SEC","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/02/27/coinbase-case-dropped-by-u-s-sec-as-agency-reverses-crypto-stance","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sec-dismisses-its-case-against-coinbase-2025"},{"id":"bybit-loses-1-5b-to-north-korean-hackers-in-largest-crypto-heist-ever-2025","date":"2025-02-21","title":"Bybit loses ~$1.5B to North Korean hackers in largest crypto heist ever","summary":"On February 21, 2025, attackers drained roughly $1.5 billion in Ether from a Bybit cold wallet by tampering with the Safe{Wallet} signing interface, tricking signers into approving a malicious transaction. The FBI attributed the theft to North Korea (the actor it calls TraderTraitor, widely known as the Lazarus Group), making it comfortably the largest crypto heist on record and a reminder that \"cold storage\" is only as cold as the UI you sign with.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":96150.27,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-23.46,"multiple":0.765,"links":[{"label":"FBI/IC3 PSA: North Korea Responsible for $1.5 Billion Bybit Hack","url":"https://www.ic3.gov/psa/2025/psa250226","type":"primary"},{"label":"Bloomberg: Lazarus $1.5 Billion Hack on Bybit Shakes Up the Crypto World","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-28/lazarus-1-5-billion-hack-on-bybit-shakes-up-the-crypto-world-eth","type":"news"},{"label":"NCC Group: In-Depth Technical Analysis of the Bybit Hack","url":"https://www.nccgroup.com/research/in-depth-technical-analysis-of-the-bybit-hack/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bybit-loses-1-5b-to-north-korean-hackers-in-largest-crypto-heist-ever-2025"},{"id":"ftx-begins-creditor-repayments-2025","date":"2025-02-18","title":"FTX begins creditor repayments","summary":"The FTX bankruptcy estate begins its first distributions, paying convenience-class creditors via Kraken and BitGo as part of a plan to return over $16B — the start of payouts from the largest crypto bankruptcy.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":95630.67,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-23.04,"multiple":0.77,"links":[{"label":"PR Newswire — FTX Initial Distribution Date of February 18, 2025","url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ftx-announces-initial-distribution-date-of-february-18-2025-for-convenience-class-creditors-302371626.html","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ftx-begins-creditor-repayments-2025"},{"id":"trump-inauguration","date":"2025-01-20","title":"Trump inauguration; pro-crypto cabinet confirmed","summary":"David Sacks named Crypto and AI Czar. Paul Atkins to chair SEC. Hester Peirce leads new SEC Crypto Task Force. The regulatory tone shifts overnight. Bitcoin hit a then-record ~$109,000 the same day on expectations of pro-crypto policy.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":102000,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-27.85,"multiple":0.722,"links":[{"label":"White House — Executive Order: Strengthening American Leadership in Digital Financial Technology (Jan 23, 2025)","url":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/strengthening-american-leadership-in-digital-financial-technology/","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Trump Issues Crypto Executive Order to Pave U.S. Digital Assets Path","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/01/23/trump-issues-crypto-executive-order-to-pave-u-s-digital-assets-path-reports","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia — Cryptocurrency in the second Trump presidency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency_in_the_second_Trump_presidency","type":"reference"},{"label":"CNBC — Bitcoin jumps to a record on inauguration day","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2025/01/20/bitcoin-jumps-to-a-new-record-as-traders-cheer-trump-inauguration-meme-coins.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/trump-inauguration-pro-crypto-cabinet-2025"},{"id":"the-trump-memecoin-launches-2025","date":"2025-01-17","title":"The $TRUMP memecoin launches","summary":"An official Solana-based $TRUMP memecoin launches days before the inauguration, briefly reaching a ~$27B aggregate value and igniting debate over presidential crypto profiteering.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":104111.13,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-29.31,"multiple":0.707,"links":[{"label":"Wikipedia — $Trump (memecoin)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$Trump","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/the-trump-memecoin-launches-2025"},{"id":"mica-becomes-fully-applicable-across-the-eu-2024","date":"2024-12-30","title":"MiCA becomes fully applicable across the EU","summary":"The EU's Markets in Crypto-Assets regulation takes full effect for crypto-asset service providers — the first comprehensive multinational crypto regulatory regime in force.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":92646.21,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-20.56,"multiple":0.794,"links":[{"label":"ESMA — Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA)","url":"https://www.esma.europa.eu/esmas-activities/digital-finance-and-innovation/markets-crypto-assets-regulation-mica","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/mica-becomes-fully-applicable-across-the-eu-2024"},{"id":"microstrategy-added-to-the-nasdaq-100-2024","date":"2024-12-23","title":"MicroStrategy added to the Nasdaq-100","summary":"Michael Saylor's MicroStrategy joins the Nasdaq-100, forcing major index funds like QQQ to take indirect Bitcoin exposure through its large BTC treasury.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":94771.64,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-22.35,"multiple":0.777,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — MicroStrategy's Nasdaq-100 Addition","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2024/12/17/micro-strategys-addition-to-nasdaq-100-may-pave-way-for-s-and-p-500-inclusion-benchmark","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/microstrategy-added-to-the-nasdaq-100-2024"},{"id":"el-salvador-scales-back-its-bitcoin-law-for-an-imf-deal-2024","date":"2024-12-19","title":"El Salvador scales back its Bitcoin law for an IMF deal","summary":"El Salvador agrees to make Bitcoin acceptance voluntary for businesses, stop taking BTC for taxes, and wind down the Chivo wallet to secure a $1.4B IMF facility — partly reversing its 2021 legal-tender experiment.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":97381.1,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-24.43,"multiple":0.756,"links":[{"label":"Cointelegraph — El Salvador agrees to scale back Bitcoin policies for IMF deal (archived)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://cointelegraph.com/news/el-salvador-hasn-t-bought-bitcoin-deal-imf","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia — Bitcoin in El Salvador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_in_El_Salvador","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/el-salvador-scales-back-its-bitcoin-law-for-an-imf-deal-2024"},{"id":"btc-100k","date":"2024-12-04","title":"BTC crosses $100,000 for the first time","summary":"Sixteen years from genesis. The number that nobody could quite let themselves model in 2017 prints. Trump's pick of Paul Atkins for SEC Chair the same week.","category":"market","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":99000,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-25.66,"multiple":0.743,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Bitcoin Hits Major Milestone of $100K, Nears $2 Trillion Market Value (Dec 5, 2024)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2024/12/04/bitcoin-hits-major-milestone-of-100-k-nears-2-trillion-market-value","type":"news"},{"label":"OPB/NPR — Bitcoin hits $100,000 for the first time. 3 things to know about an incredible ride (Dec 5, 2024)","url":"https://www.opb.org/article/2024/12/05/bitcoin-trump-sec/","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia — History of bitcoin (price history: \"Bitcoin reached $100,000\", 5 December 2024)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bitcoin","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-crosses-100000-first-time-2024"},{"id":"hyperliquid-launches-hype-token-in-a-no-vc-genesis-airdrop-2024","date":"2024-11-29","title":"Hyperliquid launches HYPE token in a no-VC genesis airdrop","summary":"On November 29, 2024, Hyperliquid held its \"genesis event,\" distributing 310 million HYPE tokens (31% of supply) to roughly 94,000 early users with no manual claim required and, notably, no venture-capital allocation. The drop was valued in the billions and helped legitimize onchain perpetual exchanges as credible rivals to centralized venues on depth and latency.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":97510.92,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-24.53,"multiple":0.755,"links":[{"label":"Hyperliquid plans to launch HYPE token in Nov. 29 genesis event (The Block)","url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/328631/hyperliquid-plans-to-launch-hype-token-in-nov-29-genesis-event","type":"news"},{"label":"Crypto Exchange Hyperliquid to Airdrop 310M Tokens to Early Adopters (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2024/11/28/crypto-exchange-hyper-liquid-to-airdrop-310-m-tokens-to-early-adopters","type":"news"},{"label":"Hyperliquid explained: a deep dive into the perp DEX (Bitcoin.com)","url":"https://news.bitcoin.com/hyperliquid-explained-a-deep-dive-into-the-perp-dex-that-reshaped-crypto-in-2025/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/hyperliquid-launches-hype-token-in-a-no-vc-genesis-airdrop-2024"},{"id":"options-on-the-spot-bitcoin-etf-ibit-begin-trading-2024","date":"2024-11-19","title":"Options on the spot Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) begin trading","summary":"Listed options on BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT) debut on Nasdaq after SEC, OCC and CFTC clearances, adding a regulated hedging and leverage layer to spot BTC ETFs.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":92418.48,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-20.37,"multiple":0.796,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Magazine — SEC Approves Options Trading on IBIT","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/sec-approves-options-trading-on-blackrocks-spot-bitcoin-etf-ibit","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/options-on-the-spot-bitcoin-etf-ibit-begin-trading-2024"},{"id":"trump-elected-2024","date":"2024-11-05","title":"Trump elected; BTC rallies past $76k same week","summary":"Most explicitly pro-crypto US presidential candidate ever wins decisively. Promises a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. Market reads it as regime change. The post-election leg of cycle 5 is the largest weekly candle since March 2020.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":75000,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":-1.87,"multiple":0.981,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — First Mover Americas: BTC Hit All-Time High as Trump Closed In on Victory (Nov 6, 2024; BTC reached $75,363.66)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2024/11/06/first-mover-americas-btc-hit-all-time-high-as-trump-closed-in-on-victory","type":"news"},{"label":"PBS NewsHour — Stocks and bitcoin soar after Trump's victory; bitcoin hits all-time high above $75,000","url":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/stocks-and-bitcoin-soar-after-trumps-victory-while-inflation-worries-rise-dow-surges-1200","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/trump-elected-bitcoin-rally-2024"},{"id":"stripe-confirms-1-1-billion-acquisition-of-stablecoin-platform-bridge-2024","date":"2024-10-21","title":"Stripe confirms $1.1 billion acquisition of stablecoin platform Bridge","summary":"Stripe confirmed it would buy stablecoin infrastructure startup Bridge for $1.1 billion, its largest acquisition ever and, at the time, the biggest crypto-related deal on record. CEO Patrick Collison called stablecoins \"room-temperature superconductors for financial services,\" signaling that one of the world's largest payments companies now considered digital dollars core plumbing rather than a curiosity. The deal formally closed on February 4, 2025.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":67358.14,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":9.26,"multiple":1.093,"links":[{"label":"Bloomberg: Stripe Confirms Plans to Acquire Stablecoin Platform Bridge","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-21/stripe-confirms-plans-to-acquire-stablecoin-platform-bridge","type":"news"},{"label":"Stripe Newsroom: Stripe completes Bridge acquisition","url":"https://stripe.com/newsroom/news/stripe-completes-bridge-acquisition","type":"primary"},{"label":"Fortune: Stripe announces $1.1 billion acquisition of Bridge","url":"https://fortune.com/crypto/2024/10/22/stripe-announces-1-1-billion-acquisition-of-stablecoin-start-up-bridge/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/stripe-confirms-1-1-billion-acquisition-of-stablecoin-platform-bridge-2024"},{"id":"world-liberty-financial-opens-its-public-token-sale-2024","date":"2024-10-15","title":"World Liberty Financial opens its public token sale","summary":"The Trump-family-backed DeFi venture World Liberty Financial opens its first public $WLFI token sale, eventually raising over $550M and later spawning the USD1 stablecoin — drawing conflict-of-interest scrutiny.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":67064.69,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":9.74,"multiple":1.097,"links":[{"label":"Wikipedia — World Liberty Financial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Liberty_Financial","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/world-liberty-financial-opens-its-public-token-sale-2024"},{"id":"arkham-on-chain-data-reveals-bhutan-as-a-top-sovereign-bitcoin-holder-from-state","date":"2024-09-16","title":"Arkham on-chain data reveals Bhutan as a top sovereign Bitcoin holder from state mining","summary":"Arkham Intelligence publicly tagged wallets showing that Bhutan's sovereign investment arm, Druk Holding & Investments, had accumulated roughly 13,000 BTC (about $780M at the time), making the Himalayan kingdom one of the largest government Bitcoin holders. Unusually, these coins came not from criminal seizures but from years of quiet hydropower-fueled mining, a distinction Bhutan kept rather understated until the blockchain did the talking.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":58210.01,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":26.43,"multiple":1.264,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Magazine: Bhutan's Bitcoin Holdings Revealed","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/bhutans-bitcoin-holdings-revealed-kingdom-owns-780m-in-btc-from-mining","type":"news"},{"label":"Arkham Research: Royal Government of Bhutan BTC Holdings","url":"https://info.arkm.com/research/royal-government-of-bhutan-btc-holdings","type":"primary"},{"label":"Yahoo Finance: Bhutan Reveals Fourth-Largest Government Bitcoin Holdings Worth $750M","url":"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/bhutan-reveals-fourth-largest-government-061811505.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/arkham-on-chain-data-reveals-bhutan-as-a-top-sovereign-bitcoin-holder-from-state"},{"id":"trump-keynotes-bitcoin-2024-in-nashville-2024","date":"2024-07-27","title":"Trump keynotes Bitcoin 2024 in Nashville","summary":"Donald Trump delivers the keynote at the Bitcoin 2024 conference, pledging the US would never sell its seized BTC and floating a national stockpile — seeding what becomes the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":67904.55,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":8.38,"multiple":1.084,"links":[{"label":"CNBC — Trump pledges to make US the 'crypto capital'","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2024/07/27/trump-bitcoin-conference-harris.html","type":"news"},{"label":"C-SPAN — Trump Remarks at Bitcoin Conference","url":"https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/former-president-trump-remarks-at-bitcoin-conference/645432","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/trump-keynotes-bitcoin-2024-in-nashville-2024"},{"id":"eth-etf-trading","date":"2024-07-23","title":"Spot ETH ETFs begin trading","summary":"BlackRock's ETHA, Fidelity's FETH, and seven others. ETH ETF flows initially much weaker than BTC's, eventually picking up in 2025.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":65900,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":11.68,"multiple":1.117,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: SEC Approves Spot Ethereum ETFs (July 22, 2024)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2024/07/22/sec-approves-spot-ethereum-etfs","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk: Ether ETFs See $107M Inflows on Day One as Trading Volume Tops $1B (July 23, 2024 launch coverage)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2024/07/23/ether-etf-volumes-top-1b-on-day-one","type":"news"},{"label":"Troutman Pepper Locke: SEC Approves Spot Ether ETFs (legal analysis of SEC declaring nine registration statements effective, trading July 23, 2024)","url":"https://www.troutman.com/insights/sec-approves-spot-ether-etfs/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/spot-ether-etfs-begin-trading-2024"},{"id":"wazirx-loses-230m-in-indias-biggest-crypto-hack-2024","date":"2024-07-18","title":"WazirX loses ~$230M in India's biggest crypto hack","summary":"India's largest crypto exchange WazirX loses about $230M from a multisig wallet via a manipulated smart contract, in an attack later linked to the Lazarus Group.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":63981.43,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":15.02,"multiple":1.15,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — WazirX Hacker Is Almost Done Laundering $230M","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2024/09/25/wazirx-hacker-is-almost-done-laundering-230m-stolen-funds","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia — 2024 WazirX hack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_WazirX_hack","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/wazirx-loses-230m-in-indias-biggest-crypto-hack-2024"},{"id":"germany-completes-a-50-000-btc-sell-off-2024","date":"2024-07-12","title":"Germany completes a 50,000 BTC sell-off","summary":"Germany finishes liquidating roughly 50,000 BTC (~$2.9B) seized in a piracy case over about three weeks — a sale later widely criticized as a multi-billion-dollar timing error.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":57913.68,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":27.08,"multiple":1.271,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Bitcoin Drops as German Government Moves Another $500M","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2024/07/08/bitcoin-drops-as-german-government-moves-another-500m-of-assets","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/germany-completes-a-50-000-btc-sell-off-2024"},{"id":"mt-gox-begins-creditor-repayments-2024","date":"2024-07-05","title":"Mt. Gox begins creditor repayments","summary":"The Mt. Gox rehabilitation trustee begins distributing Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash to creditors a decade after the 2014 collapse, releasing long-feared supply onto the market.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":56646.24,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":29.92,"multiple":1.299,"links":[{"label":"Mt. Gox — Trustee distribution notice (PDF)","url":"https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20240705_01_announcement_en.pdf","type":"primary"},{"label":"CNBC — Mt. Gox begins repaying bitcoin to creditors","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2024/07/05/mt-gox-begins-repaying-bitcoin-to-creditors-a-decade-on-from-collapse.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/mt-gox-begins-creditor-repayments-2024"},{"id":"dmm-bitcoin-loses-305m-in-a-north-korea-linked-hack-2024","date":"2024-05-31","title":"DMM Bitcoin loses ~$305M in a North Korea-linked hack","summary":"Japanese exchange DMM Bitcoin loses 4,502.9 BTC (~$305M) in a hack the FBI later attributes to North Korea's TraderTraitor group, leading to the exchange's wind-down.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":67482.25,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":9.06,"multiple":1.091,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Japanese Exchange DMM Bitcoin Suffers $305M Hack","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2024/05/31/japanese-crypto-exchange-dmm-bitcoin-suffers-305m-hack","type":"news"},{"label":"FBI — North Korean Actors Responsible for DMM Theft","url":"https://www.fbi.gov/news/press-releases/fbi-dc3-and-npa-identification-of-north-korean-cyber-actors-tracked-as-tradertraitor-responsible-for-theft-of-308-million-from-bitcoindmmcom","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/dmm-bitcoin-loses-305m-in-a-north-korea-linked-hack-2024"},{"id":"eth-etf-approved","date":"2024-05-23","title":"SEC approves spot Ether ETFs","summary":"19b-4 approvals for spot ETH ETFs, four months after BTC. The agency's de-facto recognition that ETH is not a security. Reverses years of regulatory ambiguity.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":67900,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":8.39,"multiple":1.084,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Ether ETFs Clear Major Hurdle, Though SEC Hasn't Cleared Them for Trading Yet (May 23, 2024)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2024/05/23/sec-approves-spot-ether-etf-listing-still-needs-to-approve-products","type":"news"},{"label":"Reuters (via The Globe and Mail) — U.S. SEC approves exchange applications to list spot ether ETFs","url":"https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/international-business/us-business/article-us-sec-approves-exchange-applications-to-list-spot-ether-etfs/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/spot-ether-etfs-approved-2024"},{"id":"wisconsin-pension-fund-becomes-first-us-state-pension-to-hold-spot-bitcoin-etfs-","date":"2024-05-14","title":"Wisconsin pension fund becomes first US state pension to hold spot Bitcoin ETFs","summary":"A 13F filing for Q1 2024 revealed that the State of Wisconsin Investment Board held over $162 million in spot Bitcoin ETFs, roughly $99 million in BlackRock's IBIT and $63 million in Grayscale's GBTC, making the $160B+ fund the first US state pension to disclose such a position. It was held up as proof that the newly launched ETFs had pried open the most conservative institutional wallets, though Wisconsin would quietly dump the entire stake a year later in Q1 2025.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":61548.48,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":19.57,"multiple":1.196,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Magazine: Wisconsin Investment Board Becomes First State Pension To Buy Spot Bitcoin ETFs","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/wisconsin-investment-board-becomes-first-state-pension-to-buy-spot-bitcoin-etfs-holds-over-162-million","type":"news"},{"label":"SEC EDGAR: State of Wisconsin Investment Board 13F filings","url":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000854157&type=13F","type":"primary"},{"label":"Pensions & Investments: Wisconsin discloses bitcoin ETF investment","url":"https://www.pionline.com/exchange-traded-funds/state-wisconsin-investment-board-discloses-321-million-invested-bitcoin-etf/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/wisconsin-pension-fund-becomes-first-us-state-pension-to-hold-spot-bitcoin-etfs-"},{"id":"halving-4","date":"2024-04-19","title":"Fourth halving (block 840,000)","summary":"Block reward drops 6.25 → 3.125 BTC. Block 840,000 contains the first 'Runes' etching as a coinbase tag. Fee market briefly the highest in history.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":63800,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":15.35,"multiple":1.154,"links":[{"label":"Blockchain.com Explorer — Bitcoin Block 840,000 (marks the 4th halving, reward 6.25→3.125 BTC)","url":"https://www.blockchain.com/explorer/blocks/btc/840000","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — The Bitcoin Halving Is Here: Fourth Halving in 15-Year History (block 840,000, April 20 2024)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2024/04/20/bitcoin-blockchain-has-fourth-halving-in-15-year-history-in-show-of-monetary-policy-set-by-code","type":"news"},{"label":"Bitcoin.com News — Halving Milestone: Block 840,000 Mined (fourth halving, ViaBTC, April 19 2024)","url":"https://news.bitcoin.com/halving-milestone-block-840000-mined-ushering-in-a-new-chapter-as-bitcoin-miners-face-shrinking-rewards/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/fourth-bitcoin-halving-2024"},{"id":"ethereum-dencun-upgrade-activates-eip-4844-proto-danksharding-2024","date":"2024-03-13","title":"Ethereum Dencun upgrade activates EIP-4844 (proto-danksharding)","summary":"On March 13, 2024, Ethereum's Dencun hard fork went live at epoch 269568, introducing EIP-4844's \"blob\" transactions and giving layer-2 rollups a dedicated, cheaper lane for posting data. L2 fees promptly fell by orders of magnitude, vindicating Ethereum's bet that scaling would happen on rollups rather than the base layer.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":73118.09,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":0.65,"multiple":1.007,"links":[{"label":"Dencun Mainnet Announcement (Ethereum Foundation Blog)","url":"https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/02/27/dencun-mainnet-announcement","type":"primary"},{"label":"Cancun-Deneb (Dencun) FAQ (ethereum.org)","url":"https://ethereum.org/roadmap/dencun/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ethereum-dencun-upgrade-activates-eip-4844-proto-danksharding-2024"},{"id":"ath-break-2024","date":"2024-03-13","title":"BTC breaks the 2021 all-time high","summary":"First time a halving cycle re-tags the prior ATH *before* the halving — flipping the textbook script. Tags $73,750.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":73000,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":0.81,"multiple":1.008,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Bitcoin Eyes $74K as BTC ETFs See Record $1B in Net Inflows (March 13, 2024)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2024/03/13/bitcoin-eyes-74k-as-btc-etfs-see-record-1b-in-net-inflows","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Bitcoin Hit a Record High, Topping Its November 2021 Peak (March 5, 2024)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2024/03/05/bitcoin-hit-a-record-high-heres-what-might-happen-next","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia — History of bitcoin (notes BTC reached $73,664 on March 13, 2024)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bitcoin","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-breaks-2021-ath-2024"},{"id":"spot-etf-trading","date":"2024-01-11","title":"Spot BTC ETFs begin trading","summary":"$4.6B in volume on day one. IBIT becomes the fastest-growing ETF in history, crossing $10B AUM in 7 weeks. Wall Street's Bitcoin pipe is now connected to retail and pension flows.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":46300,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":58.95,"multiple":1.59,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Bitcoin ETFs: What to Expect on Day One (Jan 11, 2024, on the spot BTC ETF trading debut)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2024/01/11/bitcoin-etfs-what-to-expect-on-day-one","type":"news"},{"label":"Chainalysis — Spot Bitcoin ETFs: Everything You Need To Know (SEC approval Jan 10, trading began Jan 11, 2024)","url":"https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/spot-bitcoin-etfs/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/spot-bitcoin-etfs-begin-trading-2024"},{"id":"spot-etf-approved","date":"2024-01-10","title":"SEC approves spot Bitcoin ETFs","summary":"11 approvals in one day: BlackRock IBIT, Fidelity FBTC, ARK 21Shares, Bitwise, VanEck, and more. After 11 years of denials. Chair Gensler's reluctant statement notes the ruling 'was the most sustainable path forward.'","category":"regulatory","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":46500,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":58.27,"multiple":1.583,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin ETFs Win SEC Approval, Bringing Easier Access to Biggest Cryptocurrency — CoinDesk (Jan 10, 2024)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2024/01/10/bitcoin-etfs-win-sec-approval-bringing-easier-access-to-biggest-cryptocurrency","type":"news"},{"label":"SEC approves spot Bitcoin ETFs after much hype — Axios (Jan 10, 2024)","url":"https://www.axios.com/2024/01/10/sec-approves-spot-bitcoin-etfs-after-much-hype","type":"news"},{"label":"Bitcoin Tops $47K After SEC Approves Spot Bitcoin ETFs — CoinDesk (Jan 10, 2024)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2024/01/10/bitcoin-wobbles-below-46k-ether-and-grayscales-gbtc-jump-as-sec-approves-spot-bitcoin-etfs","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/spot-bitcoin-etf-approved-2024"},{"id":"central-bank-of-nigeria-lifts-crypto-banking-ban-issues-vasp-account-guidelines-","date":"2023-12-22","title":"Central Bank of Nigeria lifts crypto banking ban, issues VASP account guidelines","summary":"On December 22, 2023, the Central Bank of Nigeria issued its \"Guidelines on Operations of Bank Accounts for Virtual Assets Service Providers,\" reversing the February 2021 directive that had barred banks from servicing crypto firms. Banks may now open accounts for SEC-licensed VASPs, though they still cannot trade crypto themselves, so the central bank swapped a blanket prohibition for paperwork. The move marked one of the more notable emerging-market pivots from outright ban to supervised tolerance.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":44008.04,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":67.23,"multiple":1.672,"links":[{"label":"Nairametrics: CBN lifts restriction on crypto bank accounts, releases VASP guidelines","url":"https://nairametrics.com/2023/12/22/cbn-releases-guidelines-for-regulating-virtual-assets-in-nigeria/","type":"news"},{"label":"TheCable: CBN lifts ban on cryptocurrency transactions, issues guidelines","url":"https://www.thecable.ng/breaking-cbn-lifts-ban-on-cryptocurrency-transactions/","type":"news"},{"label":"Aelex (law firm): CBN Lifts 'Ban' on Crypto Banking Transactions","url":"https://www.aelex.com/cbn-lifts-ban-on-crypto-banking-transactions/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/central-bank-of-nigeria-lifts-crypto-banking-ban-issues-vasp-account-guidelines-"},{"id":"fasb-adopts-crypto-fair-value-accounting-asu-2023-08-2023","date":"2023-12-13","title":"FASB adopts crypto fair-value accounting (ASU 2023-08)","summary":"The Financial Accounting Standards Board requires companies to measure crypto holdings at fair value with gains and losses in net income — removing the impairment-only accounting that had deterred corporate Bitcoin treasuries.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":42887.55,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":71.6,"multiple":1.716,"links":[{"label":"FASB — Standard to Improve Accounting for Crypto Assets","url":"https://fasb.org/news-and-meetings/in-the-news/fasb-issues-standard-to-improve-the-accounting-for-and-disclosure-of-certain-crypto-assets-397718","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/fasb-adopts-crypto-fair-value-accounting-asu-2023-08-2023"},{"id":"binance-doj","date":"2023-11-21","title":"Binance settles with DOJ for $4.3B; CZ steps down","summary":"Largest corporate resolution in DOJ history involving a Chief Compliance Officer plea. CZ pleads guilty, steps down as CEO, sentenced to 4 months. Richard Teng takes over.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":36500,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":101.63,"multiple":2.016,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: Binance to Pay $4.3B to Settle U.S. Criminal Case; CZ Resigns as CEO and Pleads Guilty in Seattle","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2023/11/21/binance-to-settle-charges-with-us-doj-source","type":"news"},{"label":"TechCrunch: Binance and CEO 'CZ' plead guilty to federal charges, agree to pay $4.3B in fines","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2023/11/21/binance-to-pay-4-3b-in-fines-and-ceo-cz-to-step-down-plead-guilty-to-anti-money-laundering-charges/","type":"news"},{"label":"Axios: Binance CEO 'CZ' steps down, pleads guilty to U.S. money-laundering charges","url":"https://www.axios.com/2023/11/21/binance-cz-step-down-settlement-doj","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/binance-doj-settlement-cz-resigns-2023"},{"id":"sbf-guilty","date":"2023-11-02","title":"SBF found guilty on all 7 counts","summary":"Manhattan jury convicts after 4 hours. Sentenced to 25 years in March 2024. The largest crypto-fraud prosecution closes its first chapter.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":35000,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":110.27,"multiple":2.103,"links":[{"label":"U.S. DOJ (SDNY) — Samuel Bankman-Fried Found Guilty on All Seven Counts","url":"https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/samuel-bankman-fried-found-guilty-all-seven-counts","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Sam Bankman-Fried Guilty on All 7 Counts in FTX Fraud Trial (Nov 2, 2023)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2023/11/02/sam-bankman-fried-guilty-on-all-7-counts-in-ftx-fraud-trial","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia — Trial of Sam Bankman-Fried","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Sam_Bankman-Fried","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sbf-found-guilty-2023"},{"id":"grayscale-wins","date":"2023-08-29","title":"Grayscale wins ETF lawsuit vs. SEC","summary":"DC Circuit rules the SEC's denial of GBTC conversion was 'arbitrary and capricious.' Forces the SEC's hand on spot ETFs. The ETF approval becomes inevitable from this date.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":27750,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":165.2,"multiple":2.652,"links":[{"label":"Grayscale Investments Prevails in Lawsuit Against the SEC to Convert GBTC to an ETF (official press release, Aug 29 2023)","url":"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/08/29/2733665/0/en/Grayscale-Investments-Prevails-in-Lawsuit-Against-the-SEC-to-Convert-GBTC-to-an-ETF.html","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk: Grayscale Victory Against SEC Clears Path for Spot Bitcoin ETFs","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2023/08/30/grayscale-victory-against-sec-clears-path-for-spot-bitcoin-etfs-bernstein","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk: Grayscale Court Victory Over SEC in Spot Bitcoin ETF Case Made Final","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2023/10/23/grayscale-court-victory-over-sec-in-spot-bitcoin-etf-case-made-final","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/grayscale-wins-etf-lawsuit-sec-2023"},{"id":"prime-trust-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-after-nevada-receivership-2023","date":"2023-08-14","title":"Prime Trust files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after Nevada receivership","summary":"Crypto custodian Prime Trust (Prime Core Technologies) filed voluntary Chapter 11 petitions in Delaware on August 14, 2023, weeks after Nevada regulators forced it into receivership over a roughly $80M-to-$500M shortfall. As the unglamorous back-end custody and fiat-rails plumbing for a long list of fintech and crypto apps, its failure quietly demonstrated how one invisible custodian going dark can ripple across everyone who outsourced their plumbing to it.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":29409.22,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":150.24,"multiple":2.502,"links":[{"label":"Prime Trust, LLC Files Voluntary Chapter 11 Petitions (press release)","url":"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230814192136/en/Prime-Trust-LLC-Files-Voluntary-Chapter-11-Petitions","type":"primary"},{"label":"Crypto Custodian Prime Trust Files for Bankruptcy — Decrypt","url":"https://decrypt.co/152508/prime-trust-chapter-11-bankruptcy","type":"news"},{"label":"Crypto Firm Prime Trust Hits Ch. 11 After Nevada Receivership — Law360","url":"https://www.law360.com/articles/1711252/crypto-firm-prime-trust-hits-ch-11-after-nevada-receivership","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/prime-trust-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-after-nevada-receivership-2023"},{"id":"coinbase-opens-base-its-ethereum-l2-to-the-public-2023","date":"2023-08-09","title":"Coinbase opens Base, its Ethereum L2, to the public","summary":"On August 9, 2023, Coinbase opened Base, an OP Stack rollup built on Ethereum, to the general public, making a Nasdaq-listed exchange the operator of its own Layer 2. The launch was wrapped in an \"Onchain Summer\" festival featuring Coca-Cola and Atari, and Base went on to become one of the larger Ethereum L2s by activity.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":29566.47,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":148.91,"multiple":2.489,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: Coinbase Officially Launches Base Blockchain in Milestone for a Public Company","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2023/08/09/coinbase-officially-launches-base-blockchain-milestone-for-a-public-company","type":"news"},{"label":"The Block: Coinbase's Base mainnet officially opens to the general public","url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/243899/base-mainnet-onchain-summer","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/coinbase-opens-base-its-ethereum-l2-to-the-public-2023"},{"id":"paypal-launches-pyusd-the-first-dollar-stablecoin-from-a-major-us-financial-comp","date":"2023-08-07","title":"PayPal launches PYUSD, the first dollar stablecoin from a major US financial company","summary":"On August 7, 2023, PayPal launched PayPal USD (PYUSD), an Ethereum-based stablecoin pegged 1:1 to the dollar and issued by Paxos Trust, making it the first dollar stablecoin from a major US payments firm. After years of the industry insisting stablecoins were a fringe crypto curiosity, a mainstream payments giant decided they were core infrastructure worth owning.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":29182.16,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":152.19,"multiple":2.522,"links":[{"label":"PayPal Newsroom: PayPal Launches U.S. Dollar Stablecoin","url":"https://newsroom.paypal-corp.com/2023-08-07-PayPal-Launches-U-S-Dollar-Stablecoin","type":"primary"},{"label":"TechCrunch: PayPal launches PYUSD stablecoin for payments and transfers","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2023/08/07/paypal-launches-pyusd-stablecoin-for-payments-and-transfers/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/paypal-launches-pyusd-the-first-dollar-stablecoin-from-a-major-us-financial-comp"},{"id":"curve-finance-pools-drained-for-70m-via-vyper-compiler-reentrancy-bug-2023","date":"2023-07-30","title":"Curve Finance pools drained for ~$70M via Vyper compiler reentrancy bug","summary":"On July 30, 2023, multiple Curve Finance liquidity pools were drained for roughly $70 million after a malfunctioning reentrancy guard in Vyper compiler versions 0.2.15, 0.2.16, and 0.3.0 — a bug in the language itself rather than Curve's code — left pools like CRV/ETH, alETH-ETH, and pETH-ETH open to attack. The incident hit a foundational DeFi primitive and stoked broader contagion fears, though whitehat recoveries and partial returns eventually trimmed the net loss to roughly $50 million.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":29283.34,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":151.32,"multiple":2.513,"links":[{"label":"Chainalysis: Curve Finance Pools Exploited Due to Code Vulnerabilities","url":"https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/curve-finance-liquidity-pool-hack/","type":"reference"},{"label":"Blockworks: Curve suffers $70M exploit, but damage contained","url":"https://blockworks.com/news/curve-suffers-exploit","type":"news"},{"label":"Halborn: Explained — The Vyper Bug Hack (July 2023)","url":"https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-vyper-bug-hack-july-2023","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/curve-finance-pools-drained-for-70m-via-vyper-compiler-reentrancy-bug-2023"},{"id":"judge-torres-rules-xrp-programmatic-sales-are-not-securities-in-sec-v-ripple-202","date":"2023-07-13","title":"Judge Torres rules XRP programmatic sales are not securities in SEC v. Ripple","summary":"On July 13, 2023, Judge Analisa Torres of the SDNY issued a split summary-judgment ruling: Ripple's institutional XRP sales to sophisticated buyers were unregistered securities, but its \"programmatic\" sales on exchanges to the retail public were not. XRP jumped roughly 28% on the news, and the crypto industry seized on the partial win as proof the SEC could lose, conveniently glossing over the half it had actually won.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":31475.78,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":133.81,"multiple":2.338,"links":[{"label":"Torres summary judgment order (CourtListener)","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.551082/gov.uscourts.nysd.551082.874.0.pdf","type":"primary"},{"label":"Holland & Knight: SEC v. Ripple — When a Security Is Not a Security","url":"https://www.hklaw.com/en/insights/publications/2023/07/sec-v-ripple-when-a-security-is-not-a-security","type":"reference"},{"label":"CryptoSlate: Judge rules XRP programmatic sales 'not securities'; XRP up 28%","url":"https://cryptoslate.com/judge-rules-ripples-programmatic-sales-distributions-of-xrp-do-not-constitute-securities-sales/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/judge-torres-rules-xrp-programmatic-sales-are-not-securities-in-sec-v-ripple-202"},{"id":"blackrock-files-etf","date":"2023-06-15","title":"BlackRock files for spot BTC ETF","summary":"The world's largest asset manager files for IBIT. BlackRock's track record on ETF approvals at the time was 575-1. Market reads it correctly: this changes the ETF probability curve.","category":"institutional","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":25500,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":188.6,"multiple":2.886,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — BlackRock's iShares Files Paperwork for Spot Bitcoin ETF (June 15, 2023)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2023/06/15/blackrocks-ishares-files-paperwork-for-spot-bitcoin-etf","type":"news"},{"label":"CryptoSlate — BlackRock files for spot Bitcoin ETF; Coinbase to serve as custodian","url":"https://cryptoslate.com/blackrock-files-for-spot-bitcoin-etf-coinbase-to-serve-as-custodian-for-btc-holdings/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/blackrock-files-spot-bitcoin-etf-2023"},{"id":"sec-binance-coinbase","date":"2023-06-05","title":"SEC sues Binance and Coinbase","summary":"Two days apart. Both lawsuits target unregistered exchange / broker / clearing-agency operations. Most charges against Binance settle in 2023; the Coinbase suit is dismissed in early 2025.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":26900,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":173.58,"multiple":2.736,"links":[{"label":"SEC Press Release 2023-101: SEC Files 13 Charges Against Binance Entities and Founder Changpeng Zhao (June 5, 2023)","url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023-101","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk: SEC Sues Crypto Exchange Binance and CEO Changpeng Zhao (June 5, 2023)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2023/06/05/sec-sues-crypto-exchange-binance-ceo-changpeng-zhao","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk: SEC Sues Coinbase on Unregistered Securities Exchange Allegations (June 6, 2023)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2023/06/06/sec-sues-coinbase-on-unregistered-securities-exchange-allegations","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sec-sues-binance-coinbase-2023"},{"id":"european-parliament-approves-mica-the-eus-comprehensive-crypto-framework-2023","date":"2023-04-20","title":"European Parliament approves MiCA, the EU's comprehensive crypto framework","summary":"On 20 April 2023 the European Parliament voted 517-38 to approve Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA), the first major comprehensive crypto rulebook from a large jurisdiction, harmonizing licensing and stablecoin rules across all 27 EU member states. Final Council sign-off followed on 16 May 2023, with most provisions phasing in over the next 18 months — meaning the industry got its long-demanded regulatory clarity and promptly began complaining about it.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":28248.11,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":160.53,"multiple":2.605,"links":[{"label":"ESMA: Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA)","url":"https://www.esma.europa.eu/esmas-activities/digital-finance-and-innovation/markets-crypto-assets-regulation-mica","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk: EU Parliament Approves Crypto Licensing, Funds Transfer Rules","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2023/04/20/eu-parliament-approves-crypto-licensing-funds-transfer-rules","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia: Markets in Crypto-Assets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markets_in_Crypto-Assets","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/european-parliament-approves-mica-the-eus-comprehensive-crypto-framework-2023"},{"id":"ethereums-shapella-upgrade-enables-staking-withdrawals-2023","date":"2023-04-12","title":"Ethereum's Shapella upgrade enables staking withdrawals","summary":"On April 12, 2023, Ethereum activated the combined Shanghai (execution layer) and Capella (consensus layer) upgrade, collectively dubbed \"Shapella,\" which for the first time let validators withdraw staked ETH locked since the Beacon Chain deposit contract opened in late 2020. This closed the last open loop of the proof-of-stake transition, finally turning roughly 18 million staked ETH from a one-way deposit into something you could actually get back out.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":29905.56,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":146.09,"multiple":2.461,"links":[{"label":"Ethereum.org — History of Ethereum (Shapella)","url":"https://ethereum.org/en/history/#shapella","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Ethereum's Shanghai Upgrade Is Complete","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2023/04/12/ethereums-shanghai-upgrade-activates-starting-new-era-of-staking-withdrawals","type":"news"},{"label":"The Defiant — Staked ETH Withdrawals Activated","url":"https://thedefiant.io/news/blockchains/ethereum-shapella-upgrade-live","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ethereums-shapella-upgrade-enables-staking-withdrawals-2023"},{"id":"central-african-republic-repeals-bitcoins-legal-tender-status-2023","date":"2023-03-23","title":"Central African Republic repeals Bitcoin's legal-tender status","summary":"Less than a year after becoming the second country to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender, the Central African Republic's parliament unanimously repealed the law, bowing to pressure from its regional monetary union partners. It remains the first and only nation to formally reverse a Bitcoin legal-tender experiment, which is the kind of milestone you reach by skipping the planning phase.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":28345.7,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":159.63,"multiple":2.596,"links":[{"label":"CAR to drop crypto as legal tender","url":"https://www.centralbanking.com/central-banks/currency/digital-currencies/7956294/car-to-drop-crypto-as-legal-tender","type":"primary"},{"label":"Why Bitcoin failed in the Central African Republic","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/why-bitcoin-failed-in-car","type":"news"},{"label":"Why did the Central African Republic toss out bitcoin?","url":"https://www.thestreet.com/crypto/policy/central-african-republic-bitcoin","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/central-african-republic-repeals-bitcoins-legal-tender-status-2023"},{"id":"euler-finance-flash-loan-attack-drains-197m-2023","date":"2023-03-13","title":"Euler Finance flash-loan attack drains ~$197M","summary":"On March 13, 2023, an attacker used flash loans to exploit a missing liquidity check in Euler Finance's donation function, walking off with roughly $197 million and the title of largest DeFi hack of the year. In an unusually civil turn, the thief later returned nearly all of the funds and offered an apology, turning the incident into a case study in on-chain negotiation.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":24207.1,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":204.02,"multiple":3.04,"links":[{"label":"Chainalysis: Euler Finance Flash Loan Attack Explained","url":"https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/euler-finance-flash-loan-attack/","type":"reference"},{"label":"Elliptic: Euler Finance loses ~$197M in flash loan attack","url":"https://www.elliptic.co/blog/analysis/euler-finance-loses-199-million-in-flash-loan-attack","type":"reference"},{"label":"The Record: Analysts tracking $197 million theft from Euler Finance","url":"https://therecord.media/cryptocurrency-heist-de-fi-euler","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/euler-finance-flash-loan-attack-drains-197m-2023"},{"id":"svb-failure","date":"2023-03-10","title":"Silicon Valley Bank fails; Signature Bank seized","summary":"Largest US bank failures since 2008. Circle reveals $3.3B USDC reserves trapped at SVB; USDC depegs to $0.87. BTC rallies 40% in two weeks as a sound-money narrative trade.","category":"collapse","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":20100,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":266.14,"multiple":3.661,"links":[{"label":"FDIC Press Release: FDIC Creates Deposit Insurance National Bank of Santa Clara to Protect Insured Depositors of Silicon Valley Bank (March 10, 2023)","url":"https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2023/pr23016.html","type":"primary"},{"label":"FDIC Press Release: FDIC Establishes Signature Bridge Bank, N.A., as Successor to Signature Bank, New York (March 12, 2023)","url":"https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2023/pr23018.html","type":"primary"},{"label":"Collapse of Silicon Valley Bank - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse_of_Silicon_Valley_Bank","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/svb-signature-bank-failure-2023"},{"id":"nydfs-orders-paxos-to-stop-minting-busd-as-sec-issues-wells-notice-2023","date":"2023-02-13","title":"NYDFS orders Paxos to stop minting BUSD as SEC issues Wells notice","summary":"On February 13, 2023, New York's Department of Financial Services ordered Paxos to cease minting Binance USD, and Paxos disclosed it had received an SEC Wells notice alleging BUSD was an unregistered security. The one-two punch wound down what was then the world's third-largest stablecoin (roughly $16 billion) and signaled that U.S. regulators were prepared to treat at least some stablecoins as securities.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":21787.77,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":237.78,"multiple":3.378,"links":[{"label":"NYDFS Notice Regarding Paxos-Issued BUSD","url":"https://www.dfs.ny.gov/consumers/alerts/Paxos_and_Binance","type":"primary"},{"label":"Paxos Will Halt Minting New BUSD Tokens","url":"https://www.paxos.com/newsroom/paxos-will-halt-minting-new-busd-tokens","type":"primary"},{"label":"CNBC: Paxos ordered to stop minting Binance stablecoin","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/13/paxos-ordered-to-cease-minting-binance-stablecoin-by-new-york-regulator.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/nydfs-orders-paxos-to-stop-minting-busd-as-sec-issues-wells-notice-2023"},{"id":"ordinals","date":"2023-01-21","title":"Ordinals protocol launched","summary":"Casey Rodarmor inscribes the first ordinal. On-chain NFTs and arbitrary data on Bitcoin. Reignites a fee-market the network hadn't seen since 2017. Maximalist civil war optional.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":22700,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":224.2,"multiple":3.242,"links":[{"label":"Ordinal Theory Handbook (official Ordinals documentation, docs.ordinals.com)","url":"https://docs.ordinals.com/","type":"primary"},{"label":"How Ordinals Came to Be — Casey Rodarmor's blog (creator's own account; notes inscriptions enabled on mainnet 2023-01-09 and announced ready 2023-01-20)","url":"https://rodarmor.com/blog/how-ordinals-came-to-be/","type":"primary"},{"label":"Chainalysis: Ordinals — A New Innovation Powering Bitcoin NFTs (confirms \"On January 21, 2023, developer Casey Rodarmor launched Ordinals\")","url":"https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/ordinals-protocol-bitcoin-nfts/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-ordinals-launched-2023"},{"id":"genesis-global-capital-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-2023","date":"2023-01-19","title":"Genesis Global Capital files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy","summary":"Genesis Global Holdco and its lending arms Genesis Global Capital and Genesis Asia Pacific filed for Chapter 11 in the Southern District of New York on the night of January 19, 2023, owing creditors billions. The collapse trapped roughly $900M belonging to 340,000 Gemini Earn users and pulled parent Digital Currency Group into a sprawling, litigious unwind — another domino in the post-FTX lending contagion.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":21082.28,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":249.08,"multiple":3.491,"links":[{"label":"Genesis' Crypto Lending Businesses File for Bankruptcy Protection (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2023/01/20/genesis-global-files-for-bankruptcy-protection","type":"news"},{"label":"Genesis Global Holdco — Kroll Restructuring Administration (case docket)","url":"https://restructuring.ra.kroll.com/genesis/","type":"primary"},{"label":"DCG's crypto-lending subsidiary Genesis files for Chapter 11 (TechCrunch)","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2023/01/19/dcgs-crypto-lending-subsidiary-genesis-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/genesis-global-capital-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-2023"},{"id":"sbf-arrest","date":"2022-12-12","title":"SBF arrested in the Bahamas","summary":"At the request of US prosecutors. Extradited later that month. Trial in Nov 2023 ends with conviction on all seven counts.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":17200,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":327.87,"multiple":4.279,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: FTX Founder Sam Bankman-Fried Arrested in the Bahamas (Dec 12, 2022)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2022/12/12/ftx-founder-sam-bankman-fried-arrested-bahamas-says","type":"news"},{"label":"CFTC Press Release 8638-22: CFTC Charges Sam Bankman-Fried, FTX Trading and Alameda with Fraud","url":"https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8638-22","type":"primary"},{"label":"Wikipedia: Sam Bankman-Fried (arrest and charges)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Bankman-Fried","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sbf-arrested-bahamas-2022"},{"id":"rbi-launches-retail-digital-rupee-e-r-pilot-2022","date":"2022-12-01","title":"RBI launches retail digital rupee (e₹-R) pilot","summary":"On 1 December 2022 the Reserve Bank of India switched on its retail CBDC pilot, putting tokenized rupees in the hands of a carefully fenced-off \"closed user group\" of customers and merchants across Mumbai, New Delhi, Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar and Chandigarh. Four banks went first, with four more queued behind them, and the e₹-R was issued in the same denominations as the paper notes it nominally replaces. It remains one of the largest retail CBDC experiments by addressable population, if not by enthusiasm.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":16978.64,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":333.45,"multiple":4.335,"links":[{"label":"RBI/PIB: CBDC retail pilot launched","url":"https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1882883","type":"primary"},{"label":"Digital rupee — Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rupee","type":"reference"},{"label":"India to launch retail digital rupee pilot on 1 December","url":"https://www.electronicpaymentsinternational.com/news/india-retail-digital-rupee/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/rbi-launches-retail-digital-rupee-e-r-pilot-2022"},{"id":"blockfi-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-2022","date":"2022-11-28","title":"BlockFi files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy","summary":"On November 28, 2022, crypto lender BlockFi filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in New Jersey, blaming the \"unprecedented, expedited collapse\" of FTX — which happened to be both its would-be acquirer and its second-largest creditor, owed $275 million. The filing listed over 100,000 creditors and liabilities of $1 billion to $10 billion, neatly extending the chain of 2022 crypto-lender failures that had already swallowed Celsius and Voyager.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":16207.01,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":354.09,"multiple":4.541,"links":[{"label":"BlockFi files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2022/11/28/blockfi-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy/","type":"news"},{"label":"Crypto firm BlockFi files for bankruptcy as FTX fallout spreads","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/28/blockfi-files-for-bankruptcy-as-ftx-fallout-spreads.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/blockfi-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-2022"},{"id":"btc-bottom-15500","date":"2022-11-21","title":"BTC bottoms at ~$15,500","summary":"Cycle-4 low, post-FTX capitulation. Many obituaries that month. From here BTC would do an 8× round-trip.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":15500,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":374.8,"multiple":4.748,"links":[{"label":"CoinMarketCap — Historical Snapshot, 21 November 2022 (BTC at $15,787.28, primary price data confirming the bottom)","url":"https://coinmarketcap.com/historical/20221121/","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Genesis Bankruptcy Jitters Send Bitcoin to Fresh Low (BTC two-year low of $15,480 on Genesis bankruptcy fears)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/21/genesis-bankruptcy-jitters-send-bitcoin-to-fresh-low","type":"news"},{"label":"FXStreet — Genesis bankruptcy jitters send Bitcoin to fresh low (corroborates ~$15,480 low, Nov 21, 2022)","url":"https://www.fxstreet.com/cryptocurrencies/news/genesis-bankruptcy-jitters-send-bitcoin-to-fresh-low-202211220215","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-cycle-4-bottom-15500-2022"},{"id":"gemini-earn-freezes-withdrawals-as-genesis-pauses-redemptions-2022","date":"2022-11-16","title":"Gemini Earn freezes withdrawals as Genesis pauses redemptions","summary":"On November 16, 2022, in the smoldering aftermath of FTX, Genesis Global Capital suspended redemptions, instantly stranding Gemini Earn's roughly 340,000 retail users and about $900M in assets they had been promised they could withdraw within five days. The freeze dragged on for roughly 18 months, spawned an SEC suit over the unregistered sale of securities through the Earn program, and was only resolved when Gemini returned around $2.2B to users in May 2024.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":16648.05,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":342.06,"multiple":4.421,"links":[{"label":"Gemini: An Important Message Regarding Gemini Earn","url":"https://www.gemini.com/blog/an-important-message-regarding-gemini-earn","type":"primary"},{"label":"SEC Charges Genesis and Gemini over the Gemini Earn Lending Program","url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023-7","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk: Genesis Crypto-Lending Unit Halts Customer Withdrawals","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/16/genesis-crypto-lending-unit-is-halting-customer-withdrawals-in-wake-of-ftx-collapse","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/gemini-earn-freezes-withdrawals-as-genesis-pauses-redemptions-2022"},{"id":"ftx-bankruptcy","date":"2022-11-11","title":"FTX files Chapter 11; SBF resigns","summary":"John Ray III takes over as CEO and famously declares: 'Never in my career have I seen such a complete failure of corporate controls.' The largest crypto fraud in history is now official.","category":"collapse","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":17200,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":327.87,"multiple":4.279,"links":[{"label":"FTX Files for Bankruptcy Protection in US; CEO Bankman-Fried Resigns — CoinDesk (Nov 11, 2022)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2022/11/11/ftx-files-for-bankruptcy-protections-in-us","type":"news"},{"label":"Bankruptcy of FTX — Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy_of_FTX","type":"reference"},{"label":"FTX files Chapter 11, SBF resigns — Axios (Nov 11, 2022)","url":"https://www.axios.com/2022/11/11/ftx-starts-bankruptcy-proceedings-us","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ftx-bankruptcy-sbf-resigns-2022"},{"id":"ftx-collapse","date":"2022-11-08","title":"FTX collapse begins","summary":"CoinDesk publishes Alameda's leaked balance sheet. Binance announces it will sell its FTT stake. Bank-run-on-FTX in 48 hours. The cycle-4 bear's punctuation mark.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":18500,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":297.81,"multiple":3.978,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: Divisions in Sam Bankman-Fried's Crypto Empire Blur on His Trading Titan Alameda's Balance Sheet (Nov 2, 2022 — the report that triggered the collapse)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/02/divisions-in-sam-bankman-frieds-crypto-empire-blur-on-his-trading-titan-alamedas-balance-sheet/","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk: The Epic Collapse of Sam Bankman-Fried's FTX Exchange — A Crypto Markets Timeline (Nov 8 FTT crash & Binance rescue deal)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2022/11/12/the-epic-collapse-of-sam-bankman-frieds-ftx-exchange-a-crypto-markets-timeline","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia: Bankruptcy of FTX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy_of_FTX","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ftx-collapse-begins-2022"},{"id":"reserve-bank-of-india-launches-the-wholesale-digital-rupee-e-w-pilot-2022","date":"2022-11-01","title":"Reserve Bank of India launches the wholesale digital rupee (e₹-W) pilot","summary":"On 1 November 2022 the Reserve Bank of India went live with its wholesale CBDC pilot, initially confined to settling secondary-market government securities trades among nine banks including SBI, HDFC and HSBC. It made India one of the first top-five economies to move a central bank digital currency from white paper to actual settlement, even if the use case was about as glamorous as interbank bond plumbing gets.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":20480.27,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":259.34,"multiple":3.593,"links":[{"label":"RBI Press Release: Operationalisation of Central Bank Digital Currency – Wholesale (e₹-W) Pilot","url":"https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=54616","type":"primary"},{"label":"RBI launches pilot for digital rupee wholesale CBDC (FinTech Futures)","url":"https://www.fintechfutures.com/fintech-innovation/rbi-launches-pilot-for-digital-rupee-wholesale-cbdc","type":"news"},{"label":"Digital rupee (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rupee","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/reserve-bank-of-india-launches-the-wholesale-digital-rupee-e-w-pilot-2022"},{"id":"mango-markets-drained-of-114m-in-an-oracle-exploit-2022","date":"2022-10-11","title":"Mango Markets drained of ~$114M in an oracle exploit","summary":"Avraham Eisenberg manipulates the MNGO token to inflate his collateral and borrow against it, draining roughly $114M from the Solana-based DeFi exchange — a landmark oracle-manipulation case.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":19058.29,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":286.15,"multiple":3.862,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — $114M Mango Markets Exploiter Outs Himself","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/10/15/114m-mango-markets-exploiter-outs-himself-returns-most-of-the-money","type":"news"},{"label":"SEC — Charges Against Avraham Eisenberg","url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023-13","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/mango-markets-drained-of-114m-in-an-oracle-exploit-2022"},{"id":"bny-mellon-launches-digital-asset-custody-platform-for-bitcoin-and-ether-2022","date":"2022-10-11","title":"BNY Mellon launches digital asset custody platform for Bitcoin and Ether","summary":"BNY Mellon, America's oldest bank and its largest custodian, went live with a platform letting select clients hold and transfer Bitcoin and Ether next to their traditional assets. As the first systemically important US bank to actually custody crypto rather than merely talk about it, the move quietly dragged digital assets into the plumbing of mainstream finance, built atop Fireblocks and Chainalysis and a fresh NYDFS sign-off.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":19058.29,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":286.15,"multiple":3.862,"links":[{"label":"BNY Mellon Launches New Digital Asset Custody Platform (press release)","url":"https://www.bny.com/corporate/global/en/about-us/newsroom/press-release/bny-mellon-launches-new-digital-asset-custody-platform-130305.html","type":"primary"},{"label":"Bloomberg: BNY Mellon Debuts Crypto Custody Platform for Bitcoin, Ether","url":"https://news.bloombergtax.com/crypto/bny-mellon-debuts-management-platform-for-bitcoin-and-ether","type":"news"},{"label":"Nasdaq: BNY Mellon Launches New Digital Asset Custody Platform","url":"https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/bny-mellon-launches-new-digital-asset-custody-platform-2022-10-11","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bny-mellon-launches-digital-asset-custody-platform-for-bitcoin-and-ether-2022"},{"id":"bnb-chain-bsc-token-hub-bridge-exploited-for-570m-2022","date":"2022-10-06","title":"BNB Chain BSC Token Hub bridge exploited for ~$570M","summary":"An attacker forged a Merkle proof against the BSC Token Hub cross-chain bridge and minted roughly 2 million BNB out of thin air, worth about $570 million at the time. The flaw was novel in that no existing funds were stolen; the bridge simply printed new tokens on demand, prompting Binance to halt the entire BNB Smart Chain to stop the loot from leaving, which trimmed the realized damage to around $100-130 million.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":19965.12,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":268.61,"multiple":3.686,"links":[{"label":"Elliptic: Attack mints $569 million-worth of BNB tokens in BSC bridge exploit","url":"https://www.elliptic.co/blog/analysis/attack-mints-569-million-worth-of-bnb-tokens-in-bsc-bridge-exploit","type":"primary"},{"label":"CNBC: $570 million worth of Binance's BNB token stolen in another major crypto hack","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/07/more-than-100-million-worth-of-binances-bnb-token-stolen-in-another-major-crypto-hack.html","type":"news"},{"label":"Halborn: Explained — The BNB Chain Hack (October 2022)","url":"https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-bnb-chain-hack-october-2022","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bnb-chain-bsc-token-hub-bridge-exploited-for-570m-2022"},{"id":"eth-merge","date":"2022-09-15","title":"Ethereum Merge to proof-of-stake","summary":"Not a BTC event, but a defining contrast: Ethereum drops PoW; Bitcoin loudly does not. The two largest crypto networks now have categorically different security models.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":19800,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":271.69,"multiple":3.717,"links":[{"label":"The Merge — ethereum.org (official roadmap docs)","url":"https://ethereum.org/en/roadmap/merge/","type":"primary"},{"label":"The Merge is here: Ethereum has switched to proof of stake — MIT Technology Review (Sept 15, 2022)","url":"https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/09/15/1059520/the-merge-is-here-ethereum-has-switched-to-proof-of-stake/","type":"news"},{"label":"Ethereum switches to proof-of-stake consensus after completing the Merge — TechCrunch (Sept 15, 2022)","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2022/09/15/ethereum-switches-to-proof-of-stake-consensus-after-completing-the-merge/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ethereum-merge-2022"},{"id":"us-treasury-ofac-sanctions-tornado-cash-2022","date":"2022-08-08","title":"US Treasury OFAC sanctions Tornado Cash","summary":"On August 8, 2022, the US Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control added the Tornado Cash crypto mixer to its sanctions list, alleging it had laundered over $7 billion including funds for North Korea's Lazarus Group. By blacklisting a set of immutable Ethereum smart contract addresses rather than a person or company, OFAC opened a years-long debate over whether you can sanction open-source code, culminating in a 2024 Fifth Circuit ruling against Treasury and the sanctions' eventual removal in 2025.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":23817.72,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":208.99,"multiple":3.09,"links":[{"label":"U.S. Treasury Sanctions Notorious Virtual Currency Mixer Tornado Cash","url":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0916","type":"primary"},{"label":"5 Things to Know About OFAC Sanctioning Crypto Mixer Tornado Cash (Orrick)","url":"https://www.orrick.com/en/Insights/2022/08/5-Things-to-Know-About-OFAC-Sanctioning-Crypto-Mixer-Tornado-Cash","type":"reference"},{"label":"Treasury Lifts Sanctions on Tornado Cash (Venable)","url":"https://www.venable.com/insights/publications/2025/04/a-legal-whirlwind-settles-treasury-lifts-sanctions","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/us-treasury-ofac-sanctions-tornado-cash-2022"},{"id":"hodlnaut-halts-withdrawals-placed-under-interim-judicial-management-aug-30-2022","date":"2022-08-08","title":"Hodlnaut halts withdrawals; placed under interim judicial management Aug 30","summary":"On August 8, 2022, Singapore-based crypto lender Hodlnaut froze all user withdrawals, citing \"market conditions\" — the polite term for losses tied to the TerraUSD collapse. It filed for judicial management on August 13 and was placed under interim judicial management by the Singapore High Court on August 30, having already laid off roughly 80% of its staff. The episode extended the 2022 contagion into Asia and gave Singapore's courts an early test of how to wind down a crypto firm.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":23817.72,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":208.99,"multiple":3.09,"links":[{"label":"Crypto Lender Hodlnaut Placed Under Interim Judicial Management by Singapore Court (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/08/30/crypto-lender-hodlnaut-placed-under-interim-judicial-management-by-singapore-court","type":"news"},{"label":"An update on our IJM/JM process (Hodlnaut)","url":"https://www.hodlnaut.com/press/an-update-on-our-ijm-process","type":"primary"},{"label":"Hodlnaut (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodlnaut","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/hodlnaut-halts-withdrawals-placed-under-interim-judicial-management-aug-30-2022"},{"id":"nomad-bridge-drained-of-190m-in-a-copy-paste-free-for-all-2022","date":"2022-08-01","title":"Nomad bridge drained of ~$190M in a copy-paste free-for-all","summary":"On August 1, 2022, a botched routine upgrade to Nomad's Replica contract left messages with bogus proofs accepted as valid, making the exploit so trivial that anyone could swap in their own address and drain funds. The result was a \"decentralized robbery\" in which hundreds of wallets copy-pasted the same transaction, hauling away roughly $190 million in hours. It remains the textbook example of why cross-chain bridges are crypto's favorite honeypot.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":23271.57,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":216.24,"multiple":3.162,"links":[{"label":"Mandiant (Google Cloud): Dissecting the Nomad Bridge Hack","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/dissecting-nomad-bridge-hack","type":"primary"},{"label":"CNN Business: Nomad loses $190 million in 'chaotic' hack","url":"https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/03/tech/crypto-bridge-hack-nomad","type":"news"},{"label":"Immunefi: Hack Analysis — Nomad Bridge, August 2022","url":"https://medium.com/immunefi/hack-analysis-nomad-bridge-august-2022-5aa63d53814a","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/nomad-bridge-drained-of-190m-in-a-copy-paste-free-for-all-2022"},{"id":"voyager-digital-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-2022","date":"2022-07-05","title":"Voyager Digital files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy","summary":"Crypto brokerage Voyager Digital, with more than a million customers, filed for Chapter 11 in the Southern District of New York after Three Arrows Capital defaulted on a loan of roughly 15,250 BTC and 350 million USDC. Having already suspended withdrawals days earlier, Voyager became one of the first dominoes in the 2022 contagion, leaving retail depositors waiting years for partial recoveries.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":20158.69,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":265.07,"multiple":3.651,"links":[{"label":"Voyager Digital Holdings bankruptcy docket (Case No. 22-10943, SDNY)","url":"https://www.nysb.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/opinions/312840_1502_opinion.pdf","type":"primary"},{"label":"CNBC: Crypto brokerage Voyager Digital files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/06/crypto-firm-voyager-digital-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-protection.html","type":"news"},{"label":"Vermont DFR consumer alert: Voyager Digital files Chapter 11 bankruptcy","url":"https://dfr.vermont.gov/consumer-alert/voyager-digital-files-chapter-11-bankruptcy","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/voyager-digital-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-2022"},{"id":"central-african-republic-launches-sango-coin-and-national-crypto-hub-2022","date":"2022-07-03","title":"Central African Republic launches Sango Coin and national crypto hub","summary":"At the \"Sango Genesis Event\" on July 3, 2022, CAR President Faustin-Archange Touadera unveiled the state-backed Sango Coin alongside plans for a crypto hub, a Bitcoin-backed reserve, and citizenship- and land-by-investment schemes priced in the token. The follow-up token sale that opened later in July managed to sell only about $1.6 million of its $1 billion ambition, and the project's coin listing was repeatedly delayed before quietly fading.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":19294.21,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":281.43,"multiple":3.814,"links":[{"label":"The Block: Central African Republic launches national cryptocurrency called Sango Coin","url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/155665/central-african-republic-launches-national-cryptocurrency-called-sango-coin","type":"news"},{"label":"BeInCrypto: Central African Republic delays Sango Coin listing to 2023","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2022/12/20/central-african-republic-delays-crypto-coin-listing-to-2023","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/central-african-republic-launches-sango-coin-and-national-crypto-hub-2022"},{"id":"3ac-bankruptcy","date":"2022-07-01","title":"Three Arrows Capital files for bankruptcy","summary":"Su Zhu and Kyle Davies' $10B hedge fund collapses after Luna and over-leveraged ETH staking trades unwind. Founders flee Singapore; Zhu is later detained.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":19200,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":283.3,"multiple":3.833,"links":[{"label":"Three Arrows Capital Files for Bankruptcy in New York Tied to British Virgin Islands Proceeding (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/07/01/three-arrows-capital-files-for-bankruptcy-in-new-york-tied-to-british-virgin-islands-proceeding","type":"news"},{"label":"Three Arrows Capital — Wikipedia (Chapter 15 bankruptcy, July 2022)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Arrows_Capital","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/three-arrows-capital-bankruptcy-2022"},{"id":"harmony-horizon-bridge-hacked-for-100m-2022","date":"2022-06-24","title":"Harmony Horizon bridge hacked for ~$100M","summary":"On June 24, 2022, attackers compromised the multisig controlling Harmony's Horizon cross-chain bridge and walked off with roughly $100 million (about $99.7M) in ETH, stablecoins and other tokens. The FBI later pinned it on North Korea's Lazarus Group, who promptly ran the proceeds through Tornado Cash, because of course they did. It was one more entry in 2022's banner year for bridge exploits, which collectively shed over $1 billion.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":21219.46,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":246.82,"multiple":3.468,"links":[{"label":"FBI: Lazarus Group responsible for Harmony's Horizon Bridge theft","url":"https://www.fbi.gov/news/press-releases/fbi-confirms-lazarus-group-cyber-actors-responsible-for-harmonys-horizon-bridge-currency-theft","type":"primary"},{"label":"Elliptic: FBI confirms Lazarus behind $100M Horizon Bridge theft","url":"https://www.elliptic.co/blog/analysis/fbi-confirms-north-korea-s-lazarus-group-as-hackers-behind-100-million-harmony-horizon-bridge-theft","type":"reference"},{"label":"BleepingComputer: North Korean hackers stole $100M in Harmony hack","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fbi-north-korean-hackers-stole-100-million-in-harmony-crypto-hack/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/harmony-horizon-bridge-hacked-for-100m-2022"},{"id":"celsius-halt","date":"2022-06-13","title":"Celsius halts withdrawals","summary":"Crypto-lender freezes $12B in user funds citing 'extreme market conditions.' Files Chapter 11 a month later. CEO Alex Mashinsky later convicted of fraud.","category":"collapse","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":22600,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":225.64,"multiple":3.256,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Crypto Lending Service Celsius Pauses Withdrawals, Citing 'Extreme Market Conditions' (June 13, 2022)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2022/06/13/crypto-lending-service-celsius-pauses-withdrawals-citing-extreme-market-conditions","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia — Celsius Network (June 13, 2022 withdrawal pause section)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius_Network","type":"reference"},{"label":"CoinDesk — The Fall of Celsius Network: A Timeline of the Crypto Lender's Descent Into Insolvency","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2022/07/15/the-fall-of-celsius-network-a-timeline-of-the-crypto-lenders-descent-into-insolvency","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/celsius-halts-withdrawals-2022"},{"id":"lummis-gillibrand-responsible-financial-innovation-act-introduced-2022","date":"2022-06-07","title":"Lummis-Gillibrand Responsible Financial Innovation Act introduced","summary":"Senators Cynthia Lummis and Kirsten Gillibrand introduce the first comprehensive bipartisan US bill to create a digital-asset regulatory framework, assigning most oversight to the CFTC.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":31111.75,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":136.55,"multiple":2.365,"links":[{"label":"Congress.gov — S.4356 (117th)","url":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4356/text","type":"primary"},{"label":"Mayer Brown — The Lummis-Gillibrand RFIA: What to Know","url":"https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/insights/publications/2022/06/the-lummisgillibrand-responsible-financial-innovation-act-what-to-know","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/lummis-gillibrand-responsible-financial-innovation-act-introduced-2022"},{"id":"terra-luna","date":"2022-05-09","title":"Terra/Luna collapses — UST depegs","summary":"Algorithmic stablecoin spirals to zero in 72 hours. ~$40B in market cap evaporates. Triggers the Three Arrows / Celsius / Voyager / FTX cascade. The defining event of the cycle-4 bear.","category":"collapse","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":30900,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":138.17,"multiple":2.382,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk (May 9, 2022): UST Stablecoin Loses Dollar Peg for Second Time in 48 Hours, LUNA Market Cap Falls Below UST's","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/05/09/ust-stablecoin-falls-below-dollar-peg-for-second-time-in-48-hours","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia: Terra (blockchain) — May 2022 collapse of TerraUSD (UST) and LUNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_(blockchain)","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/terra-luna-collapse-2022"},{"id":"yugas-otherside-land-sale-congests-ethereum-2022","date":"2022-05-01","title":"Yuga's Otherside land sale congests Ethereum","summary":"Yuga Labs sells ~55,000 Otherdeed land NFTs for ~$320M in ApeCoin, triggering a gas war that burns an estimated $100M in ETH fees and briefly makes Ethereum unusable — the NFT-mania peak.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":38480.53,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":91.25,"multiple":1.912,"links":[{"label":"The Block — Otherside land NFTs sell out as Yuga rakes in $317M","url":"https://www.theblock.co/linked/144549/otherside-land-nfts-sell-out-in-hours-as-yuga-labs-rakes-in-317-million","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/yugas-otherside-land-sale-congests-ethereum-2022"},{"id":"central-african-republic-adopts-bitcoin-as-legal-tender-2022","date":"2022-04-27","title":"Central African Republic adopts Bitcoin as legal tender","summary":"On April 27, 2022, the Central African Republic's National Assembly passed and President Faustin-Archange Touadera signed a bill making Bitcoin legal tender alongside the CFA franc, making CAR the second country after El Salvador to do so and the first in Africa. In a nation with roughly 11% internet penetration, the practical case for a Bitcoin standard was thin, and the country repealed the law in March 2023 under pressure from the regional central bank and the IMF.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":39252.04,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":87.49,"multiple":1.875,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: Central African Republic Adopts Bitcoin as Legal Tender","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/04/27/central-african-republic-adopts-bitcoin-as-legal-tender","type":"news"},{"label":"Africanews: Central African Republic adopts bitcoin as legal tender","url":"https://www.africanews.com/2022/04/27/central-african-republic-adopts-bitcoin-as-legal-tender/","type":"news"},{"label":"CNBC: Central African Republic adopts bitcoin as legal tender","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/28/central-african-republic-adopts-bitcoin-as-legal-tender.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/central-african-republic-adopts-bitcoin-as-legal-tender-2022"},{"id":"ronin-network-bridge-hacked-for-625m-173-600-eth-25-5m-usdc-2022","date":"2022-03-23","title":"Ronin Network bridge hacked for ~$625M (173,600 ETH + 25.5M USDC)","summary":"On March 23, 2022, attackers drained roughly $625 million from the Ronin bridge underpinning the Axie Infinity play-to-earn game, the largest crypto hack on record at the time. The theft hinged on five of nine validator keys being compromised, including one access grant from a 2021 event that was helpfully never revoked, and went unnoticed until a user failed to withdraw funds six days later. The FBI later pinned it on North Korea's Lazarus Group.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":42904.1,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":71.53,"multiple":1.715,"links":[{"label":"Axie Infinity's Ronin Network Suffers $625M Exploit (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2022/03/29/axie-infinitys-ronin-network-suffers-625m-exploit","type":"news"},{"label":"FBI: North Korea's Lazarus Group responsible for Ronin hack (Decrypt)","url":"https://decrypt.co/96322/hacker-622-million-axie-infinity-ronin-ethereum","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ronin-network-bridge-hacked-for-625m-173-600-eth-25-5m-usdc-2022"},{"id":"apecoin-ape-launches-with-a-bored-ape-airdrop-2022","date":"2022-03-17","title":"ApeCoin (APE) launches with a Bored Ape airdrop","summary":"The ApeCoin DAO launches the APE token and airdrops 15% of supply to Bored Ape and Mutant Ape holders — one of the largest NFT-tied token drops, and the currency of the Otherside economy.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":40956.79,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":79.69,"multiple":1.797,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — APE Token Sinks 80% in Opening Hours","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2022/03/17/ape-token-tied-to-bored-ape-yacht-club-nfts-sinks-80-in-opening-hours","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/apecoin-ape-launches-with-a-bored-ape-airdrop-2022"},{"id":"yuga-labs-acquires-cryptopunks-and-meebits-2022","date":"2022-03-11","title":"Yuga Labs acquires CryptoPunks and Meebits","summary":"Bored Ape creator Yuga Labs buys the CryptoPunks and Meebits IP from Larva Labs and grants commercial rights to holders — consolidating the two leading blue-chip NFT collections.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":38741.03,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":89.96,"multiple":1.9,"links":[{"label":"Business Wire — Yuga Labs Acquires CryptoPunks and Meebits","url":"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220311005470/en","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Yuga Labs Buys CryptoPunks and Meebits","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/03/11/yuga-labs-buys-cryptopunks-and-meebits","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/yuga-labs-acquires-cryptopunks-and-meebits-2022"},{"id":"biden-signs-executive-order-14067-on-responsible-development-of-digital-assets-2","date":"2022-03-09","title":"Biden signs Executive Order 14067 on responsible development of digital assets","summary":"President Biden signed the first whole-of-government US executive order on crypto, directing roughly a dozen agencies to produce reports on regulation, consumer protection, financial stability, and a possible US central bank digital currency. It set a federal policy agenda but, in keeping with executive-order tradition, mostly commissioned homework rather than rules — and was quietly repealed by a Trump order in January 2025.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":41962.85,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":75.38,"multiple":1.754,"links":[{"label":"Federal Register: Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets","url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/03/14/2022-05471/ensuring-responsible-development-of-digital-assets","type":"primary"},{"label":"The American Presidency Project: Executive Order 14067","url":"https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/executive-order-14067-ensuring-responsible-development-digital-assets","type":"reference"},{"label":"Executive Order 14067 - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14067","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/biden-signs-executive-order-14067-on-responsible-development-of-digital-assets-2"},{"id":"coinbases-bouncing-qr-super-bowl-ad-crashes-its-app-2022","date":"2022-02-13","title":"Coinbase's bouncing-QR Super Bowl ad crashes its app","summary":"Coinbase's minimalist Super Bowl LVI ad of a bouncing QR code drives over 20 million hits and briefly crashes its app — the defining mainstream-marketing moment of the bull cycle.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":42069.84,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":74.93,"multiple":1.749,"links":[{"label":"CNN Business — Coinbase's QR-code Super Bowl ad briefly crashes app","url":"https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/14/investing/coinbase-qr-code-app","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/coinbases-bouncing-qr-super-bowl-ad-crashes-its-app-2022"},{"id":"china-showcases-the-digital-yuan-e-cny-at-the-beijing-winter-olympics-2022","date":"2022-02-04","title":"China showcases the digital yuan (e-CNY) at the Beijing Winter Olympics","summary":"At the February 4 opening of the Beijing Winter Olympics, China offered its digital yuan (e-CNY) as one of three accepted payment methods alongside Visa and cash, the first major international outing for a large-economy CBDC. Foreign visitors could load wallets via app or physical card, though actual uptake was modest, hindered by entrenched payment apps, ubiquitous Visa terminals, and thin promotion.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":41590.34,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":76.95,"multiple":1.769,"links":[{"label":"Digital renminbi (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_renminbi","type":"reference"},{"label":"At Winter Olympics, Beijing tries to sell world on digital yuan (Al Jazeera)","url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/2/4/at-olympics-beijing-sees-chance-to-sell-world-on-digital-yuan","type":"news"},{"label":"China Offers Digital Yuan at Olympics to Test Overseas Appeal (Bloomberg)","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-10/china-offers-digital-yuan-at-olympics-to-test-overseas-appeal","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/china-showcases-the-digital-yuan-e-cny-at-the-beijing-winter-olympics-2022"},{"id":"wormhole-solana-ethereum-bridge-exploited-for-325m-2022","date":"2022-02-02","title":"Wormhole Solana-Ethereum bridge exploited for ~$325M","summary":"On February 2, 2022, an attacker exploited a signature-verification flaw in the Wormhole bridge to mint 120,000 wETH on Solana without posting any collateral, draining roughly $325 million. Backer Jump Trading quietly replaced the funds within a day, a reminder of how much capital was riding on bridge code that nobody had audited quite hard enough.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":36918.19,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":99.34,"multiple":1.993,"links":[{"label":"Chainalysis: Lessons From The Wormhole Exploit","url":"https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/wormhole-hack-february-2022/","type":"reference"},{"label":"CNBC: $320 million stolen from Wormhole bridge linking Solana and Ethereum","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/02/320-million-stolen-from-wormhole-bridge-linking-solana-and-ethereum.html","type":"news"},{"label":"Elliptic: $325 Million Stolen from Wormhole DeFi Service","url":"https://www.elliptic.co/blog/325-million-stolen-from-wormhole-defi-service","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/wormhole-solana-ethereum-bridge-exploited-for-325m-2022"},{"id":"optimism-mainnet-opens-to-the-public-2021","date":"2021-12-16","title":"Optimism mainnet opens to the public","summary":"On December 16, 2021, Optimism dropped the whitelist that had restricted who could deploy contracts on its optimistic-rollup mainnet, finally letting anyone ship code permissionlessly like they could on Ethereum proper. The chain went on to underpin the OP Stack, the shared codebase later adopted by Coinbase's Base and a growing constellation of other L2s.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":47635.92,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":54.49,"multiple":1.545,"links":[{"label":"Optimism removes whitelist, opens to all developers (The Block)","url":"https://www.theblock.co/linked/127891/ethereum-layer-2-optimism-removes-whitelist-opens-to-all-developers","type":"news"},{"label":"Optimism officially removes whitelist, allows direct mainnet deployment (CryptoSlate)","url":"https://cryptoslate.com/layer-2-ethereum-protocol-optimism-officially-removes-whitelist-will-allow-devs-to-deploy-directly-on-its-mainnet/","type":"news"},{"label":"Optimism","url":"https://www.optimism.io/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/optimism-mainnet-opens-to-the-public-2021"},{"id":"nike-acquires-nft-studio-rtfkt-2021","date":"2021-12-13","title":"Nike acquires NFT studio RTFKT","summary":"On December 13, 2021, Nike announced it had acquired RTFKT, a digital-first studio known for virtual sneakers, NFT collectibles, and the CloneX avatar project with Takashi Murakami. Terms were undisclosed, and the deal was treated as proof that a Fortune 500 consumer giant was betting on metaverse footwear. Nike quietly wound the brand down in late 2024, but at the time it was a marquee signal of corporate NFT ambition.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":46731.03,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":57.48,"multiple":1.575,"links":[{"label":"NIKE, Inc. Acquires RTFKT (press release)","url":"https://about.nike.com/en/newsroom/releases/nike-acquires-rtfkt","type":"primary"},{"label":"Nike acquires NFT collectibles studio RTFKT — TechCrunch","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2021/12/13/nike-acquires-nft-collectibles-studio-rtfkt/","type":"news"},{"label":"Sportswear Giant Nike Purchases NFT Startup RTFKT — CoinDesk","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2021/12/13/sportswear-giant-nike-purchases-nft-fashion-and-collectibles-startup-rtfkt","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/nike-acquires-nft-studio-rtfkt-2021"},{"id":"collins-dictionary-names-nft-its-word-of-the-year-2021-2021","date":"2021-11-24","title":"Collins Dictionary names 'NFT' its Word of the Year 2021","summary":"Collins Dictionary crowned \"NFT\" its 2021 Word of the Year, citing an 11,273% rise in usage and beating out rivals like \"cheugy\" and \"double-vaxxed.\" A three-letter blockchain acronym thus entered the lexicon's hall of fame, defined primly as \"a unique digital certificate, registered in a blockchain, that is used to record ownership of an asset.\"","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":57175.09,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":28.72,"multiple":1.287,"links":[{"label":"HarperCollins press release: NFT is Collins Word of the Year 2021","url":"https://corporate.harpercollins.co.uk/press-releases/nft-is-collins-word-of-the-year-2021/","type":"primary"},{"label":"Decrypt: 'NFT' Is Collins Dictionary's 2021 Word of the Year","url":"https://decrypt.co/86742/nft-is-collins-dictionarys-2021-word-year/","type":"news"},{"label":"Euronews: NFT announced as Collins Dictionary word of the year for 2021","url":"https://www.euronews.com/culture/2021/11/25/nft-announced-as-the-collins-dictionary-word-of-the-year-for-2021","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/collins-dictionary-names-nft-its-word-of-the-year-2021-2021"},{"id":"el-salvador-unveils-bitcoin-city-and-1b-volcano-bonds-2021","date":"2021-11-20","title":"El Salvador unveils 'Bitcoin City' and $1B volcano bonds","summary":"President Bukele announces a tax-free, geothermal-powered 'Bitcoin City' near the Conchagua volcano, to be funded by a planned $1 billion Bitcoin-backed 'volcano bond' issued with Blockstream.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":59769.66,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":23.13,"multiple":1.231,"links":[{"label":"CNBC — El Salvador plans 'Bitcoin City' and $1B Bitcoin Bond","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/22/el-salvador-plans-bitcoin-city-raise-1-billion-via-bitcoin-bond.html","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia — Bitcoin City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_City","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/el-salvador-unveils-bitcoin-city-and-1b-volcano-bonds-2021"},{"id":"biden-signs-the-infrastructure-bill-with-a-crypto-broker-rule-2021","date":"2021-11-15","title":"Biden signs the infrastructure bill with a crypto broker rule","summary":"President Biden signs the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, expanding the tax definition of 'broker' to require crypto exchanges to report customer transactions — the first major US crypto tax-reporting mandate.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":63614.06,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":15.69,"multiple":1.157,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Biden Signs Infrastructure Bill With Crypto Broker Requirement","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2021/11/15/president-biden-signs-infrastructure-bill-containing-crypto-broker-reporting-requirement-into-law","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/biden-signs-the-infrastructure-bill-with-a-crypto-broker-rule-2021"},{"id":"taproot","date":"2021-11-14","title":"Taproot soft fork activates","summary":"BIPs 340, 341, 342 lock in. Schnorr signatures, MAST, scripts that look like single-sigs from outside. Quietly the most significant protocol upgrade since SegWit. Sets the stage for Ordinals two years later.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":65500,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":12.36,"multiple":1.124,"links":[{"label":"BIP 341: Taproot: SegWit version 1 spending rules (Bitcoin Improvement Proposal, primary specification)","url":"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki","type":"primary"},{"label":"Taproot, Bitcoin's Long-Anticipated Upgrade, Activated at Block 709,632 on Nov. 14, 2021 (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2021/11/13/taproot-bitcoins-long-anticipated-upgrade-activates-this-weekend","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/taproot-soft-fork-activated-2021"},{"id":"ath-69k","date":"2021-11-10","title":"BTC all-time high of $69,000","summary":"Cycle-4 top. The number is, of course, the joke. Cycle-low arrives a year later at $15,500.","category":"market","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":69000,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":6.66,"multiple":1.067,"links":[{"label":"Al Jazeera (Nov 10, 2021): Bitcoin flirts with $69,000 on heels of surging inflation news","url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/11/10/bitcoin-flirts-with-69000-on-heels-of-surging-inflation-news","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk: Bitcoin Soars to New All-Time High Above $69K (documents the $69,000 level first touched Nov. 10, 2021)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2024/03/05/bitcoin-soars-to-new-all-time-high-above-69k","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-ath-69000-cycle-4-top-2021"},{"id":"ens-launches-ens-governance-token-with-airdrop-to-eth-holders-2021","date":"2021-11-08","title":"ENS launches $ENS governance token with airdrop to .eth holders","summary":"On November 8, 2021, the Ethereum Name Service opened claims for its $ENS governance token, distributing 25% of supply to the 137,000+ addresses that had registered a .eth name before an October 31 snapshot. Claimants were required to vote on a constitution and delegate their voting power before claiming, handing control to a newly formed DAO. The token's market cap promptly soared past $500 million, and the exercise became a widely cited template for retroactive community ownership.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":67549.14,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":8.95,"multiple":1.089,"links":[{"label":"ENS Docs — The ENS Token","url":"https://docs.ens.domains/dao/token/","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — ENS Tokens Soar After $500M+ Airdrop","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2021/11/09/ethereum-name-service-tokens-soar-after-500m-airdrop","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ens-launches-ens-governance-token-with-airdrop-to-eth-holders-2021"},{"id":"nigeria-launches-the-enaira-africas-first-cbdc-2021","date":"2021-10-25","title":"Nigeria launches the eNaira, Africa's first CBDC","summary":"On October 25, 2021, President Muhammadu Buhari launched the eNaira, making Nigeria the first African nation and one of the first countries anywhere to issue a retail central bank digital currency. Marketed with the slogan \"Same Naira, More Possibilities,\" it became a closely watched experiment in CBDC adoption for a major emerging market, though uptake would prove rather more modest than the possibilities advertised.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":63089.04,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":16.65,"multiple":1.167,"links":[{"label":"IMF: Five Observations on Nigeria's Central Bank Digital Currency","url":"https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/11/15/na111621-five-observations-on-nigerias-central-bank-digital-currency","type":"primary"},{"label":"Central Bank of Nigeria: President Buhari to Unveil eNaira","url":"https://www.cbn.gov.ng/out/2021/ccd/enaira%20launch%20press%20release%20%20231021.pdf","type":"primary"},{"label":"The Guardian Nigeria: Nigeria launches eNaira digital currency","url":"https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria-launches-enaira-digital-currency/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/nigeria-launches-the-enaira-africas-first-cbdc-2021"},{"id":"houston-firefighters-pension-becomes-first-us-public-pension-to-buy-crypto-2021","date":"2021-10-21","title":"Houston Firefighters pension becomes first US public pension to buy crypto","summary":"The Houston Firefighters' Relief and Retirement Fund put $25 million into Bitcoin and Ether, becoming the first US public pension plan to directly hold crypto. With $4 billion under management and a CIO calling crypto \"another tool to manage my risk,\" the move broke a long-standing taboo for conservative retirement allocators. The 2022 market downturn would later test that conviction.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":62283.96,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":18.16,"multiple":1.182,"links":[{"label":"Houston Firefighters Pension Fund Makes Bitcoin, Ether Purchase","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2021/10/21/houston-firefighters-pension-fund-makes-bitcoin-ether-purchase","type":"news"},{"label":"Houston Pension Buys Crypto, an Asset 'We Could Not Ignore'","url":"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/employee-benefits/houston-pension-buys-crypto-an-asset-we-could-not-ignore-1","type":"news"},{"label":"Houston Firefighters invests $25 million in cryptocurrency","url":"https://www.pionline.com/pension-funds/houston-firefighters-invests-25-million-cryptocurrency/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/houston-firefighters-pension-becomes-first-us-public-pension-to-buy-crypto-2021"},{"id":"bito-launch","date":"2021-10-19","title":"ProShares BITO — first US BTC futures ETF","summary":"First Bitcoin-related ETF approved in the US. Trades nearly $1B in volume on day one. Spot ETFs would still be denied for another 27 months.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":64200,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":14.63,"multiple":1.146,"links":[{"label":"ProShares press release: ProShares to Launch the First U.S. Bitcoin-Linked ETF on October 19","url":"https://www.proshares.com/press-releases/proshares-to-launch-the-first-u.s.-bitcoin-linked-etf-on-october-19","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk: First Bitcoin Futures ETF BITO Nears $1B Trading Volume on First Day","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2021/10/19/first-bitcoin-futures-etf-bito-nears-1b-trading-volume-on-first-day","type":"news"},{"label":"BIS Quarterly Review: Launch of the first US bitcoin ETF — mechanics, impact, and risks","url":"https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt2112t.htm","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/proshares-bito-first-btc-futures-etf-2021"},{"id":"cftc-fines-tether-41m-for-misrepresenting-usdt-reserves-2021","date":"2021-10-15","title":"CFTC fines Tether $41M for misrepresenting USDT reserves","summary":"On October 15, 2021, the CFTC ordered Tether to pay $41 million for claiming USDT was fully backed by fiat when it found Tether actually held sufficient fiat reserves on just 27.6% of days across a 26-month 2016-2018 sample. Bitfinex was hit with a separate $1.5 million fine in the same action. The settlement gave the long-running \"is Tether actually backed?\" debate its first hard regulatory data point.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":61684.96,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":19.31,"multiple":1.193,"links":[{"label":"CFTC Press Release 8450-21","url":"https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8450-21","type":"primary"},{"label":"Fortune: Tether fined $41 million for lying about reserves","url":"https://fortune.com/2021/10/15/tether-crypto-stablecoin-fined-reserves/","type":"news"},{"label":"Bloomberg: Tether, Bitfinex to pay fines totaling $42.5M","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-15/tether-bitfinex-to-pay-fines-totaling-42-5-million-cftc-says","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/cftc-fines-tether-41m-for-misrepresenting-usdt-reserves-2021"},{"id":"china-declares-all-cryptocurrency-transactions-illegal-2021","date":"2021-09-24","title":"China declares all cryptocurrency transactions illegal","summary":"Ten Chinese government bodies, led by the People's Bank of China, jointly published a notice declaring all cryptocurrency-related business activities illegal, including trading, order matching, token issuance, derivatives, and services offered to mainland residents by offshore exchanges. The crackdown, paired with the earlier mining ban, pushed Chinese hash rate offshore and prompted exchanges like Huobi and Binance to wind down mainland operations. It was, notably, not the first time China had banned crypto, and would not be the last time Bitcoin failed to die.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":42848.41,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":71.75,"multiple":1.718,"links":[{"label":"China's central bank says all cryptocurrency-related activities are illegal — CNBC","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/24/china-central-bank-vows-harsh-crackdown-on-cryptocurrency-industry.html","type":"news"},{"label":"Library of Congress: China Central Bank Issues New Regulatory Document on Cryptocurrency Trading","url":"https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2021-10-13/china-central-bank-issues-new-regulatory-document-on-cryptocurrency-trading/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/china-declares-all-cryptocurrency-transactions-illegal-2021"},{"id":"solana-suffers-a-17-hour-network-outage-2021","date":"2021-09-14","title":"Solana suffers a 17-hour network outage","summary":"A flood of bot transactions during a token launch overwhelms Solana and stalls the mainnet for roughly 17 hours — its first major outage, and the start of a recurring reliability theme.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":47129.01,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":56.15,"multiple":1.562,"links":[{"label":"Solana — 9-14 Network Outage Initial Overview","url":"https://solana.com/news/9-14-network-outage-initial-overview","type":"primary"},{"label":"Helius — A Complete History of Solana Outages","url":"https://www.helius.dev/blog/solana-outages-complete-history","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/solana-suffers-a-17-hour-network-outage-2021"},{"id":"el-salvador-live","date":"2021-09-07","title":"El Salvador legal-tender law goes live","summary":"The Chivo wallet launches. Bukele live-tweets the country buying its first 200 BTC during a price drop. By 2026 El Salvador holds over 6,000 BTC.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":46900,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":56.92,"multiple":1.569,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Bitcoin Now Legal Tender in El Salvador, Marking World First (Sept 7, 2021)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2021/09/07/bitcoin-now-legal-tender-in-el-salvador-marking-world-first","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia — Bitcoin Law (El Salvador, effective Sept 7, 2021)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_Law","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/el-salvador-bitcoin-legal-tender-live-2021"},{"id":"arbitrum-one-mainnet-opens-to-the-public-2021","date":"2021-08-31","title":"Arbitrum One mainnet opens to the public","summary":"Offchain Labs rolled its Arbitrum One optimistic rollup out to the general public after a developers-only beta that began in May, and announced a $120M Series B at a $1.2B valuation on the same day. The staggered launch eventually scaled into Ethereum's largest L2 by total value locked, helping cement the rollup-centric roadmap that everyone now insists was the plan all along.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":47159.26,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":56.05,"multiple":1.561,"links":[{"label":"Offchain Labs Rolls Out Arbitrum One to the Public (press release)","url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/offchain-labs-rolls-out-arbitrum-one-ethereum-scaling-solution-to-the-public-and-announces-120m-in-funding-301365642.html","type":"primary"},{"label":"Inside Arbitrum's Staggered Mainnet Launch (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2021/08/31/inside-arbitrums-staggered-mainnet-launch","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/arbitrum-one-mainnet-opens-to-the-public-2021"},{"id":"visa-buys-cryptopunk-7610-for-150-000-2021","date":"2021-08-23","title":"Visa buys CryptoPunk #7610 for ~$150,000","summary":"On August 23, 2021, Visa announced it had paid 49.5 ETH (about $150,000) for CryptoPunk #7610, a pixelated mohawked avatar it described as a strategic study of NFT infrastructure. The purchase, facilitated by Anchorage, promptly set off a CryptoPunks buying frenzy, with roughly 90 of the avatars trading within the hour, and remains the canonical \"a payments giant bought a JPEG\" moment of the 2021 NFT mania.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":49521.06,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":48.61,"multiple":1.486,"links":[{"label":"Visa jumps into the NFT craze, buying a 'CryptoPunk' for $150,000 (CNBC)","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/23/visa-buys-cryptopunk-nft-for-150000.html","type":"news"},{"label":"Visa just bought a CryptoPunk NFT for $150,000 (Fortune)","url":"https://fortune.com/2021/08/23/visa-cryptopunk-nft-larva-labs-blockchain-ethereum/","type":"news"},{"label":"Visa Bought a $150,000 CryptoPunk and Immediately Triggered an NFT Market Rush (Artnet News)","url":"https://news.artnet.com/market/visa-purchased-first-cryptopunk-kickstarting-record-run-sales-popular-series-nfts-2002289","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/visa-buys-cryptopunk-7610-for-150-000-2021"},{"id":"poly-network-cross-chain-bridge-exploited-for-611m-2021","date":"2021-08-10","title":"Poly Network cross-chain bridge exploited for ~$611M","summary":"On August 10, 2021, an attacker exploited a flaw in Poly Network's cross-chain smart contracts and drained roughly $611 million across Ethereum, BNB Chain, and Polygon, then the largest DeFi theft on record. In a plot twist, the hacker began returning the funds the next day, claimed it was all to expose vulnerabilities, and was eventually offered a $500,000 bug bounty and a \"chief security advisor\" role; nearly everything was returned by August 25, save the $33M in USDT that Tether froze.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":45601.03,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":61.39,"multiple":1.614,"links":[{"label":"Poly Network exploit - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_Network_exploit","type":"reference"},{"label":"Chainalysis: Poly Network Attacker Returning Funds After Biggest DeFi Theft Ever","url":"https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/poly-network-hack-august-2021/","type":"news"},{"label":"CNBC: Hacker behind $600 million crypto heist returns final slice of stolen funds","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/23/poly-network-hacker-returns-remaining-cryptocurrency.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/poly-network-cross-chain-bridge-exploited-for-611m-2021"},{"id":"ethereum-london-hard-fork-activates-eip-1559-2021","date":"2021-08-05","title":"Ethereum London hard fork activates EIP-1559","summary":"Ethereum's London upgrade goes live with EIP-1559, burning a base fee on every transaction and beginning to make ETH issuance deflationary — a foundational fee-market redesign.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":40888.18,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":79.99,"multiple":1.8,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Ethereum's London Hard Fork Is Now Live","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2021/08/05/ethereums-hotly-anticipated-london-hard-fork-is-now-live","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ethereum-london-hard-fork-activates-eip-1559-2021"},{"id":"el-salvador-vote","date":"2021-06-09","title":"El Salvador votes BTC as legal tender","summary":"President Nayib Bukele's 'Bitcoin Law' passes the Legislative Assembly 62-22. First country to make BTC legal tender. The IMF has been mad ever since.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":33500,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":119.68,"multiple":2.197,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Law - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_Law","type":"reference"},{"label":"El Salvador approves Bitcoin as legal tender - Al Jazeera (June 9, 2021)","url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/9/el-salvador-congress-approves-bitcoin-as-legal-tender","type":"news"},{"label":"El Salvador Adopts Bitcoin as Legal Tender - U.S. Dept. of Commerce / ITA (trade.gov)","url":"https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/el-salvador-adopts-bitcoin-legal-tender","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/el-salvador-bitcoin-legal-tender-vote-2021"},{"id":"china-mining-ban","date":"2021-05-19","title":"China bans BTC mining","summary":"Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Yunnan all crack down. ~50% of global hash rate goes offline within weeks. The largest reorganisation of mining geography in network history. Hash rate fully recovers within 8 months.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":36800,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":99.98,"multiple":2,"links":[{"label":"Decrypt — China's 2021 Bitcoin Crackdown: What You Need to Know","url":"https://decrypt.co/74187/chinas-2021-bitcoin-crackdown-what-you-need-know","type":"reference"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Why China's Ban on Crypto Mining Is More Serious Than Before","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2021/07/09/why-chinas-ban-on-crypto-mining-is-more-serious-than-before","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk — China Tightens Crypto Mining Crackdown, Bans Trading","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2021/09/24/china-tightens-crypto-mining-crackdown-bans-trading","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/china-bans-bitcoin-mining-2021"},{"id":"tesla-suspends","date":"2021-05-12","title":"Tesla suspends BTC payments","summary":"Musk cites mining energy intensity. Price drops 15% on the day. Triggers the long-running ESG-vs-Bitcoin debate that consumes the next two years.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":49200,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":49.58,"multiple":1.496,"links":[{"label":"Elon Musk Says Tesla Is Suspending Bitcoin Payments Over Environmental Concerns — CoinDesk (May 12, 2021)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2021/05/12/elon-musk-says-tesla-is-suspending-bitcoin-payments-over-environmental-concerns","type":"news"},{"label":"Elon Musk says Tesla will no longer accept Bitcoin car payments over environmental concerns — CBS News (May 13, 2021)","url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tesla-bitcoin-elon-musk-payments-environmental-conerns/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/tesla-suspends-bitcoin-payments-2021"},{"id":"bored-ape-yacht-club-sells-out-its-10-000-nft-collection-2021","date":"2021-04-30","title":"Bored Ape Yacht Club sells out its 10,000-NFT collection","summary":"Yuga Labs opened the Bored Ape Yacht Club mint on April 23, 2021 at 0.08 ETH (about $190) per ape, but sales languished until NFT trader Pranksy promoted it around April 30, after which all 10,000 apes sold out within 12 hours. The cartoon primates went on to define the PFP craze and, briefly, a floor price in the hundreds of thousands of dollars, before the inevitable mean reversion.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":57757.97,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":27.42,"multiple":1.274,"links":[{"label":"Bored Ape Yacht Club - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bored_Ape","type":"reference"},{"label":"A Guide to Bored Ape Yacht Club NFTs - nft now","url":"https://nftnow.com/guides/bored-ape-yacht-club-guide/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bored-ape-yacht-club-sells-out-its-10-000-nft-collection-2021"},{"id":"elon-musks-dogefather-tweet-kicks-off-dogecoins-run-to-snl-2021","date":"2021-04-28","title":"Elon Musk's 'Dogefather' tweet kicks off Dogecoin's run to SNL","summary":"On April 28, 2021, Elon Musk tweeted \"The Dogefather SNL May 8,\" teasing his Saturday Night Live hosting gig and sending Dogecoin up more than 20% within minutes. The tweet fueled a speculative climb that peaked when DOGE hit its all-time high of roughly $0.74 on May 8, the very day Musk took the stage and the coin promptly cratered nearly 30% as he called it \"a hustle.\" It remains the textbook case of a celebrity bending a memecoin's price by the force of a single tweet.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":54877.94,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":34.1,"multiple":1.341,"links":[{"label":"Dogecoin Spikes on Elon Musk's SNL Tweet (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2021/04/28/dogecoin-spikes-on-elon-musks-snl-tweet","type":"news"},{"label":"Dogecoin price plummets as Elon Musk hosts SNL (CNBC)","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/08/dogecoin-price-plummets-as-elon-musk-hosts-saturday-night-live-.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/elon-musks-dogefather-tweet-kicks-off-dogecoins-run-to-snl-2021"},{"id":"thodex-halts-trading-as-founder-flees-turkey-with-customer-funds-2021","date":"2021-04-20","title":"Thodex halts trading as founder flees Turkey with customer funds","summary":"On April 20, 2021, Turkey's then-largest crypto exchange Thodex abruptly halted trading citing a \"cyberattack,\" and founder Faruk Fatih Ozer promptly boarded a flight to Albania, leaving roughly 391,000 users locked out of their accounts. Loss estimates ranged wildly from the prosecutor's $13 million to media figures of $2 billion, and Ozer was ultimately extradited and sentenced to 11,196 years in prison — a number that, generously, outlives the appeal he eventually won.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":56496.06,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":30.26,"multiple":1.303,"links":[{"label":"Thodex - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thodex","type":"reference"},{"label":"CEO of Turkish Exchange Thodex Flees Country, Leaves User Funds Irretrievable (Nasdaq/Cointelegraph)","url":"https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/ceo-of-turkish-exchange-thodex-flees-country-leaves-user-funds-irretrievable-2021-04-22","type":"news"},{"label":"11,196 Years in Prison for Faruk Ozer, CEO of Collapsed Turkish Crypto Exchange Thodex (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2023/09/08/11196-years-in-prison-for-faruk-ozer-ceo-of-collapsed-turkish-crypto-exchange-thodex","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/thodex-halts-trading-as-founder-flees-turkey-with-customer-funds-2021"},{"id":"coinbase-ipo","date":"2021-04-14","title":"Coinbase IPOs on NASDAQ ($COIN)","summary":"Direct listing at a $86B valuation. Symbolic high-water mark for cycle 4. Stock peaks day-one, then begins a 90% drawdown. The euphoric top was visible in real time.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":64850,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":13.48,"multiple":1.135,"links":[{"label":"Coinbase Global, Inc. Form S-1 Registration Statement (SEC EDGAR)","url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1679788/000162828021003168/coinbaseglobalincs-1.htm","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk: Coinbase Direct Listing Gets $100B+ Valuation as Share Price Jumps in Nasdaq Debut (Apr 14, 2021)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2021/04/14/coinbase-direct-listing-gets-100b-valuation-as-share-price-jumps-in-nasdaq-debut","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia: Coinbase (direct listing on Nasdaq, April 14, 2021)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinbase","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/coinbase-ipo-nasdaq-2021"},{"id":"visa-settles-its-first-transaction-in-usdc-stablecoin-2021","date":"2021-03-29","title":"Visa settles its first transaction in USDC stablecoin","summary":"On March 29, 2021, Visa announced it had become the first major payments network to settle a transaction in USD Coin, accepting USDC over Ethereum from Crypto.com to settle card-program obligations without converting to fiat, with Anchorage acting as settlement agent. It was a modest pilot dressed up as a milestone, but a real one: a stablecoin had quietly slipped into the plumbing of a global card network's settlement layer.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":57626.1,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":27.71,"multiple":1.277,"links":[{"label":"Visa Becomes First Major Payments Network to Settle Transactions in USD Coin (USDC)","url":"https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.17821.html","type":"primary"},{"label":"Visa carried out the first transaction in USDC","url":"https://en.cryptonomist.ch/2021/03/29/visa-transaction-in-usdc/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/visa-settles-its-first-transaction-in-usdc-stablecoin-2021"},{"id":"morgan-stanley-becomes-first-major-us-bank-to-offer-clients-access-to-bitcoin-fu","date":"2021-03-17","title":"Morgan Stanley becomes first major US bank to offer clients access to Bitcoin funds","summary":"Morgan Stanley, managing roughly $4 trillion in client assets, told its financial advisors it would offer wealthy clients access to three Bitcoin funds — two from Galaxy Digital and one from FS Investments/NYDIG. The catch: you needed at least $2 million in assets, an \"aggressive risk tolerance,\" and a cap of 2.5% of your net worth, so Wall Street's embrace of Bitcoin came with a velvet rope and a long list of conditions.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":58909,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":24.93,"multiple":1.249,"links":[{"label":"CNBC: Morgan Stanley becomes the first big U.S. bank to offer its wealthy clients access to bitcoin funds","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/17/bitcoin-morgan-stanley-is-the-first-big-us-bank-to-offer-wealthy-clients-access-to-bitcoin-funds.html","type":"news"},{"label":"Ledger Insights: Morgan Stanley to offer bitcoin funds to wealthy clients","url":"https://www.ledgerinsights.com/morgan-stanley-to-offer-bitcoin-funds-to-wealthy-clients/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/morgan-stanley-becomes-first-major-us-bank-to-offer-clients-access-to-bitcoin-fu"},{"id":"beeples-everydays-the-first-5000-days-sells-for-69-3m-at-christies-2021","date":"2021-03-11","title":"Beeple's \"Everydays: The First 5000 Days\" sells for $69.3M at Christie's","summary":"On March 11, 2021, Christie's hammered down a JPEG collage by Mike Winkelmann (Beeple) for $69.3 million paid in Ether, the first purely digital NFT auctioned by a major house. It briefly made Beeple the third most expensive living artist, though it later emerged the buyer and seller both had stakes in related crypto tokens they were keen to promote.","category":"culture","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":57809.41,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":27.3,"multiple":1.273,"links":[{"label":"An NFT Artwork by Beeple Just Sold for $69 Million at Christie's","url":"https://news.artnet.com/market/christies-nft-beeple-69-million-1951036","type":"news"},{"label":"Beeple NFT Everydays Sells at Christie's Auction for $69 Million in Ether (Bloomberg)","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-11/beeple-everydays-nft-sells-at-art-auction-for-60-million-paid-in-ether","type":"news"},{"label":"Everydays: the First 5000 Days (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everydays:_the_First_5000_Days","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/beeples-everydays-the-first-5000-days-sells-for-69-3m-at-christies-2021"},{"id":"tether-and-bitfinex-settle-with-new-york-attorney-general-for-18-5m-2021","date":"2021-02-23","title":"Tether and Bitfinex settle with New York Attorney General for $18.5M","summary":"On February 23, 2021, Tether and Bitfinex agreed to pay $18.5 million and stop serving New York customers to settle a multi-year probe by Attorney General Letitia James. The settlement confirmed that Tether's claim of being fully backed by U.S. dollars \"at all times\" was, in the AG's words, \"a lie,\" and that roughly $850 million in commingled client and corporate funds had been quietly papered over. The companies admitted no wrongdoing but agreed to two years of quarterly reserve disclosures, finally putting an official stamp on years of stablecoin-backing speculation.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":48898.7,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":50.5,"multiple":1.505,"links":[{"label":"Attorney General James Ends Virtual Currency Trading Platform Bitfinex's Illegal Activities in New York","url":"https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2021/attorney-general-james-ends-virtual-currency-trading-platform-bitfinexs-illegal","type":"primary"},{"label":"NY AG's $850M Probe of Bitfinex, Tether Ends in an $18.5M Settlement","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2021/02/23/ny-ags-850m-probe-of-bitfinex-tether-ends-in-an-185m-settlement","type":"news"},{"label":"Tether, Bitfinex reach settlement with New York attorney general","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/23/tether-bitfinex-reach-settlement-with-new-york-attorney-general.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/tether-and-bitfinex-settle-with-new-york-attorney-general-for-18-5m-2021"},{"id":"bny-mellon-announces-plans-to-custody-digital-assets-2021","date":"2021-02-11","title":"BNY Mellon announces plans to custody digital assets","summary":"BNY Mellon, the oldest bank in the US and the world's largest custodian, formed a new Digital Assets unit and declared itself the first global bank planning an integrated service for digital assets alongside traditional securities. New York's financial regulator confirmed a state-chartered bank could hold crypto without a BitLicense. The actual platform did not launch until October 2022, but the signal — Wall Street's plumbing making room for bitcoin — landed immediately.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":48006.18,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":53.3,"multiple":1.533,"links":[{"label":"BNY Mellon Forms New Digital Assets Unit (press release)","url":"https://www.bny.com/corporate/global/en/about-us/newsroom/press-release/bny-mellon-forms-new-digital-assets-unit-to-build-industrypercent27s-first-multi-asset-digital-platform-130169.html","type":"primary"},{"label":"BNY Mellon Announces Crypto Custody and Spies Integrated Services","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2021/02/11/bny-mellon-announces-crypto-custody-and-spies-integrated-services","type":"news"},{"label":"BNY Mellon set to take clients' crypto","url":"https://www.bankingdive.com/news/bny-mellon-crypto-nydfs-bitcoin-ether/633830/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bny-mellon-announces-plans-to-custody-digital-assets-2021"},{"id":"mastercard-announces-it-will-support-select-cryptocurrencies-directly-on-its-net","date":"2021-02-10","title":"Mastercard announces it will support select cryptocurrencies directly on its network","summary":"On February 10, 2021, Mastercard said it would begin settling select cryptocurrencies directly on its payments network later that year, rather than merely converting them to fiat behind the scenes as it had done through prior partner card programs. The company was careful to note that the \"select\" assets in question would likely be stablecoins meeting its compliance and consumer-protection criteria, which conveniently excluded Bitcoin and Dogecoin from the party.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":44854.95,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":64.07,"multiple":1.641,"links":[{"label":"Mastercard to open up network to select cryptocurrencies (CNBC)","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/10/mastercard-to-open-up-network-to-select-cryptocurrencies.html","type":"news"},{"label":"Why Mastercard is bringing crypto onto our network (Mastercard Newsroom)","url":"https://www.mastercard.com/news/perspectives/2021/why-mastercard-is-bringing-crypto-onto-our-network/","type":"primary"},{"label":"Mastercard Network Will Support Select Cryptocurrencies (PYMNTS)","url":"https://www.pymnts.com/cryptocurrency/2021/mastercard-network-will-support-select-cryptocurrencies/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/mastercard-announces-it-will-support-select-cryptocurrencies-directly-on-its-net"},{"id":"cme-group-launches-ether-futures-2021","date":"2021-02-08","title":"CME Group launches Ether futures","summary":"On February 8, 2021, CME Group listed cash-settled Ether futures, extending its regulated crypto derivatives lineup beyond Bitcoin to the second-largest cryptocurrency. The contracts settled against the CME CF Ether-Dollar Reference Rate, giving institutions a US-regulated way to take ETH exposure and quietly laying groundwork for the eventual Ether ETF arguments.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":46437.41,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":58.48,"multiple":1.585,"links":[{"label":"CME Group Announces Launch of Ether Futures (press release)","url":"https://www.cmegroup.com/media-room/press-releases/2021/2/08/cme_group_announceslaunchofetherfutures.html","type":"primary"},{"label":"CME Group to Launch Ether Futures on February 8, 2021","url":"https://www.cmegroup.com/media-room/press-releases/2020/12/16/cme_group_to_launchetherfuturesonfebruary82021.html","type":"primary"},{"label":"PRNewswire: CME Group Announces Launch of Ether Futures","url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cme-group-announces-launch-of-ether-futures-301223273.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/cme-group-launches-ether-futures-2021"},{"id":"tesla-1-5b","date":"2021-02-08","title":"Tesla buys $1.5B in BTC","summary":"Disclosed in 10-K. Largest single corporate BTC allocation at the time. Three months later Musk would publicly fold on energy concerns and sell 75% of it. Volatile in more ways than one.","category":"institutional","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":46500,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":58.27,"multiple":1.583,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Tesla Invests $1.5B in Bitcoin, Plans to Accept Crypto Payments (Feb 8, 2021)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2021/02/08/tesla-invests-15b-in-bitcoin-plans-to-accept-crypto-payments","type":"news"},{"label":"TechCrunch — Tesla buys $1.5B in bitcoin, may accept the cryptocurrency as payment (Feb 8, 2021)","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2021/02/08/tesla-buys-1-5b-in-bitcoin-may-accept-the-cryptocurrency-as-payment-in-the-future/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/tesla-buys-1-5b-bitcoin-2021"},{"id":"central-bank-of-nigeria-orders-banks-to-close-accounts-of-crypto-exchanges-2021","date":"2021-02-05","title":"Central Bank of Nigeria orders banks to close accounts of crypto exchanges","summary":"On 5 February 2021 the Central Bank of Nigeria issued a circular directing all banks and financial institutions to stop servicing cryptocurrency businesses and to identify and close the accounts of anyone trading crypto or running an exchange. Rather than killing the market, it shoved one of the world's most enthusiastic crypto populations onto peer-to-peer rails, where Nigeria promptly became the global leader in P2P volume. The CBN quietly reversed course in December 2023.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":38310.24,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":92.1,"multiple":1.921,"links":[{"label":"CBN Update Vol. 3 No. 2, February 2021 (primary)","url":"https://www.cbn.gov.ng/out/2021/ccd/volume%203%20number%202%20cbn%20update%20february%202021.pdf","type":"primary"},{"label":"S&P Global: Cryptocurrency usage soars in Nigeria despite bank ban","url":"https://www.spglobal.com/market-intelligence/en/news-insights/articles/2022/6/cryptocurrency-usage-soars-in-nigeria-despite-bank-ban-70497781","type":"news"},{"label":"African Business: Why Nigeria rolled back crypto restrictions","url":"https://african.business/2024/01/finance-services/resistance-is-futile-why-nigeria-rolled-back-crypto-restrictions","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/central-bank-of-nigeria-orders-banks-to-close-accounts-of-crypto-exchanges-2021"},{"id":"bitcoin-breaks-20-000-for-the-first-time-2020","date":"2020-12-16","title":"Bitcoin breaks $20,000 for the first time","summary":"BTC surpasses its 2017 record to trade above $20,000 for the first time ever, confirming the start of the 2020–2021 institutional-led bull market.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":21352.13,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":244.67,"multiple":3.447,"links":[{"label":"TechCrunch — Bitcoin passes $20K and reaches all-time high","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2020/12/16/bitcoin-passes-20k-and-reaches-all-time-high/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-breaks-20-000-for-the-first-time-2020"},{"id":"ethereum-beacon-chain-genesis-proof-of-stake-launch-2020","date":"2020-12-01","title":"Ethereum Beacon Chain genesis (proof-of-stake launch)","summary":"On December 1, 2020, Ethereum's Beacon Chain produced its genesis block, bootstrapping a parallel proof-of-stake consensus layer that ran alongside the still-mining mainnet with 21,063 validators on day one. It did no actual transaction processing for nearly two years, serving as a proving ground until The Merge finally wired it into mainnet in September 2022. A quiet start to a long-promised divorce from mining.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":18792.03,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":291.62,"multiple":3.916,"links":[{"label":"The Beacon Chain | ethereum.org","url":"https://ethereum.org/roadmap/beacon-chain/","type":"reference"},{"label":"Ethereum 2.0 Beacon Chain Goes Live (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2020/12/01/ethereum-20-beacon-chain-goes-live-as-world-computer-begins-long-awaited-overhaul","type":"news"},{"label":"Upgrading Ethereum: Phase 0 (eth2book)","url":"https://eth2book.info/latest/part4/history/phase0/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ethereum-beacon-chain-genesis-proof-of-stake-launch-2020"},{"id":"harvest-finance-exploited-for-24m-via-flash-loan-2020","date":"2020-10-26","title":"Harvest Finance exploited for ~$24M via flash loan","summary":"An attacker uses a flash-loan price manipulation to drain about $24 million from Harvest Finance's stablecoin pools, triggering a ~$570M bank run — a signature DeFi-Summer exploit.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":13069.43,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":463.1,"multiple":5.631,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Harvest Finance: $24M Attack Triggers $570M 'Bank Run'","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2020/10/26/harvest-finance-24m-attack-triggers-570m-bank-run-in-latest-defi-exploit","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/harvest-finance-exploited-for-24m-via-flash-loan-2020"},{"id":"paypal-btc","date":"2020-10-21","title":"PayPal enables Bitcoin for ~350M users","summary":"First mass-market US payment company to integrate BTC. Custody-only initially (no withdrawals). Marks the start of consumer-app crypto features as table stakes.","category":"institutional","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":12830,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":473.61,"multiple":5.736,"links":[{"label":"PayPal Newsroom — PayPal Launches New Service Enabling Users to Buy, Hold and Sell Cryptocurrency (Oct 21, 2020, primary press release)","url":"https://newsroom.paypal-corp.com/2020-10-21-PayPal-Launches-New-Service-Enabling-Users-to-Buy-Hold-and-Sell-Cryptocurrency","type":"primary"},{"label":"TechCrunch — PayPal to let you buy and sell cryptocurrencies in the US (Oct 21, 2020)","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2020/10/21/paypal-to-let-you-buy-and-sell-cryptocurrencies-in-the-us/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/paypal-enables-bitcoin-2020"},{"id":"bahamas-launches-the-sand-dollar-the-worlds-first-nationwide-cbdc-2020","date":"2020-10-20","title":"Bahamas launches the Sand Dollar, the world's first nationwide CBDC","summary":"On October 20, 2020, the Central Bank of The Bahamas rolled out the Sand Dollar nationwide, making the archipelago of roughly 400,000 people the first country on Earth to fully deploy a retail central bank digital currency. The pilot had quietly run in Exuma and Abaco beforehand, but the national release is the date the rest of the world's 130-odd central banks now point to when they explain why they suddenly need one too.","category":"sovereign","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":11921.78,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":517.31,"multiple":6.173,"links":[{"label":"Central Bank of The Bahamas - Sand Dollar national release notice","url":"https://www.centralbankbahamas.com/news/public-notices/the-sand-dollar-is-on-schedule-for-gradual-national-release-to-the-bahamas-in-mid-october-2020","type":"primary"},{"label":"SandDollar official site","url":"https://www.sanddollar.bs/","type":"primary"},{"label":"Human Rights Foundation CBDC Tracker - The Bahamas","url":"https://cbdctracker.hrf.org/currency/the-bahamas","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bahamas-launches-the-sand-dollar-the-worlds-first-nationwide-cbdc-2020"},{"id":"square-invests-50m-of-treasury-in-bitcoin-2020","date":"2020-10-08","title":"Square invests $50M of treasury in Bitcoin","summary":"Square purchases ~4,709 BTC for $50 million, the second major public company after MicroStrategy to hold bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":10929.4,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":573.36,"multiple":6.734,"links":[{"label":"Square — Square, Inc. Invests $50 Million in Bitcoin","url":"https://squareup.com/us/en/press/2020-bitcoin-investment","type":"primary"},{"label":"CNBC — Square buys $50 million in bitcoin","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/08/square-buys-50-million-in-bitcoin-says-cryptocurrency-aligns-with-companys-purpose.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/square-invests-50m-of-treasury-in-bitcoin-2020"},{"id":"aave-migrates-lend-to-aave-token-at-100-1-2020","date":"2020-10-02","title":"Aave migrates LEND to AAVE token at 100:1","summary":"On 2 October 2020, Aave swapped its old ETHLend-era LEND token for the new AAVE governance token at 100 LEND to 1 AAVE, collapsing a 1.3 billion supply into 16 million tokens. The migration kicked off \"Aavenomics,\" handing governance to AAVE holders and introducing the Safety Module, a staking pool meant to backstop the protocol against shortfall events. It marked Aave's transition from a rebranded lending startup into one of DeFi's flagship money markets.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":10576.64,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":595.82,"multiple":6.958,"links":[{"label":"Aavenomics / migration framework (Aave GitHub)","url":"https://github.com/aave/aavenomics","type":"primary"},{"label":"LEND Holders Become AAVE Holders (The Defiant)","url":"https://thedefiant.io/newsletter/archive/lend-holders-become-aave-holders","type":"news"},{"label":"AAVE Token: An Analysis of Migration and Staking (Glassnode)","url":"https://insights.glassnode.com/aave-token-analysis-migration-staking/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/aave-migrates-lend-to-aave-token-at-100-1-2020"},{"id":"cftc-and-doj-charge-bitmex-over-unregistered-derivatives-platform-and-aml-failur","date":"2020-10-01","title":"CFTC and DOJ charge BitMEX over unregistered derivatives platform and AML failures","summary":"On October 1, 2020, the CFTC filed civil charges and the DOJ unsealed criminal charges against BitMEX and its co-founders Arthur Hayes, Ben Delo, and Samuel Reed for running an unregistered derivatives platform that solicited US customers while ignoring Bank Secrecy Act and KYC obligations. It turned out that \"we're an offshore exchange in the Seychelles\" was not, in fact, a complete compliance program. The case became the template for how US regulators pursue offshore venues that serve American traders, ending in a combined $130 million in penalties and guilty pleas.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":10622.79,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":592.79,"multiple":6.928,"links":[{"label":"CFTC Press Release 8270-20","url":"https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8270-20","type":"primary"},{"label":"CFTC/DOJ charge BitMEX and executives (Money Laundering Watch)","url":"https://www.moneylaunderingnews.com/2020/10/cftc-and-doj-charge-bitmex-and-executives-with-illegally-trading-in-digital-assets-and-ignoring-bsa-aml-requirements/","type":"news"},{"label":"Federal court orders BitMEX to pay $100M (CFTC 8412-21)","url":"https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8412-21","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/cftc-and-doj-charge-bitmex-over-unregistered-derivatives-platform-and-aml-failur"},{"id":"nba-top-shot-opens-to-the-public-on-flow-2020","date":"2020-10-01","title":"NBA Top Shot opens to the public on Flow","summary":"On October 1, 2020, Dapper Labs opened its officially licensed NBA Top Shot to all fans, letting anyone buy and trade blockchain \"Moments\" minted on the Flow blockchain, with distribution through the Samsung Galaxy Store. Pitched as collectible highlight clips rather than crypto, it became the on-ramp that introduced NFTs to sports fans who had no idea what a wallet was — and by early 2021 it was generating hundreds of millions in sales.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":10622.79,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":592.79,"multiple":6.928,"links":[{"label":"Dapper's NBA Top Shot Launches Out of Beta With Samsung Galaxy Store Deal (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2020/10/01/dappers-nba-top-shot-launches-out-of-beta-with-samsung-galaxy-store-deal","type":"news"},{"label":"Dapper Labs Opens NBA Top Shot Beta to All Fans (PR Newswire)","url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dapper-labs-opens-nba-top-shot-beta-to-all-fans-301144010.html","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/nba-top-shot-opens-to-the-public-on-flow-2020"},{"id":"kucoin-exchange-hacked-for-280m-from-hot-wallets-2020","date":"2020-09-26","title":"KuCoin exchange hacked for ~$280M from hot wallets","summary":"On September 26, 2020, attackers drained roughly $280M in BTC, ETH, ERC-20s, XRP and other assets from KuCoin's hot wallets after the private keys leaked. The breach was later pinned on North Korea's Lazarus Group, though KuCoin clawed back an improbable ~84% of the funds through on-chain tracing, blacklisting, and token issuers obligingly redeploying contracts to strand the thief's holdings.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":10734.23,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":585.6,"multiple":6.856,"links":[{"label":"Over $280M Drained in KuCoin Crypto Exchange Hack (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2020/09/26/over-280m-drained-in-kucoin-crypto-exchange-hack","type":"news"},{"label":"The KuCoin Hack: How Funds Were Laundered via DeFi (Chainalysis)","url":"https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/kucoin-hack-2020-defi-uniswap/","type":"reference"},{"label":"KuCoin has recovered 84% of affected funds (The Block)","url":"https://www.theblock.co/linked/84248/kucoin-280m-stolen-recovered","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/kucoin-exchange-hacked-for-280m-from-hot-wallets-2020"},{"id":"uniswap-launches-the-uni-governance-token-via-retroactive-airdrop-2020","date":"2020-09-16","title":"Uniswap launches the UNI governance token via retroactive airdrop","summary":"On September 16, 2020, Uniswap dropped at least 400 UNI on every wallet that had touched the protocol before September 1, instantly handing roughly $1,200 (and a governance vote) to over 250,000 addresses. The move launched community governance for the largest DEX and, more durably, established the retroactive airdrop as the industry's default way to reward early users and farm goodwill.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":10957.1,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":571.66,"multiple":6.717,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: Uniswap Recaptures DeFi Buzz With UNI Token's Airdropped Debut","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2020/09/17/uniswap-recaptures-defi-buzz-with-uni-tokens-airdropped-debut","type":"news"},{"label":"Uniswap Governance: Requirements & How to claim your 400 UNI","url":"https://gov.uniswap.org/t/learn-requirements-how-to-claim-your-400-uni/1025","type":"primary"},{"label":"Uniswap Labs Support: How do I claim the Uniswap UNI Token Airdrop?","url":"https://support.uniswap.org/hc/en-us/articles/10794055772813-How-do-I-claim-the-Uniswap-UNI-Token-Airdrop","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/uniswap-launches-the-uni-governance-token-via-retroactive-airdrop-2020"},{"id":"sushiswap-launches-a-vampire-attack-on-uniswap-2020","date":"2020-08-28","title":"SushiSwap launches a 'vampire attack' on Uniswap","summary":"SushiSwap, an anonymous Uniswap fork, uses token incentives to siphon over half of Uniswap's liquidity — the original DeFi 'vampire attack', and the pressure that pushed Uniswap to its own UNI token.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":11535.21,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":537.99,"multiple":6.38,"links":[{"label":"Finematics — What is a Vampire Attack? SushiSwap Explained","url":"https://finematics.com/vampire-attack-sushiswap-explained/","type":"reference"},{"label":"Gemini Cryptopedia — SushiSwap and the Uniswap Vampire Attack","url":"https://www.gemini.com/cryptopedia/sushiswap-uniswap-vampire-attack","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sushiswap-launches-a-vampire-attack-on-uniswap-2020"},{"id":"curve-finance-launches-the-crv-token-and-curve-dao-2020","date":"2020-08-13","title":"Curve Finance launches the CRV token and Curve DAO","summary":"On August 13, 2020, the CRV governance token and Curve DAO went live a day ahead of schedule after an anonymous developer (@0xc4ad) spent roughly 19.9 ETH front-running the team to deploy the published contracts themselves, premining 80,000-odd tokens before anyone official noticed. Curve inspected the code, shrugged, and accepted the rogue deployment as the real launch. The resulting vote-escrow (veCRV) tokenomics went on to anchor DeFi and ignite the multi-protocol 'Curve Wars' over liquidity bribes.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":11790.68,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":524.17,"multiple":6.242,"links":[{"label":"Curve Resources — CRV Token Overview & Tokenomics","url":"https://resources.curve.finance/crv-token/overview/","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Newest DAO Project Was Thrown a Curve","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2020/08/14/newest-dao-project-was-thrown-a-curve-but-the-team-is-rolling-with-it-anyway","type":"news"},{"label":"Decrypt — Curve's CRV token launches early, benefitting anonymous 'Chad'","url":"https://decrypt.co/38708/anonymous-defi-user-deploys-curve-crv-token-early","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/curve-finance-launches-the-crv-token-and-curve-dao-2020"},{"id":"microstrategy-buy","date":"2020-08-11","title":"MicroStrategy buys $250M in BTC","summary":"Michael Saylor announces the first corporate-treasury allocation. By 2026 MicroStrategy holds over 200,000 BTC. The corporate-treasury playbook for Bitcoin starts here.","category":"institutional","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":11760,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":525.8,"multiple":6.258,"links":[{"label":"MicroStrategy Buys $250M in Bitcoin, Calling the Crypto 'Superior to Cash' (CoinDesk, Aug 11 2020)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2020/08/11/microstrategy-buys-250m-in-bitcoin-calling-the-crypto-superior-to-cash","type":"news"},{"label":"MicroStrategy becomes first listed company to buy bitcoin as part of its capital allocation strategy (Yahoo Finance, Aug 11 2020)","url":"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/microstrategy-becomes-first-listed-company-113746283.html","type":"news"},{"label":"MicroStrategy — Wikipedia (Bitcoin treasury section)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroStrategy","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/microstrategy-buys-250m-bitcoin-2020"},{"id":"occ-permits-us-national-banks-to-custody-crypto-interpretive-letter-1170-2020","date":"2020-07-22","title":"OCC permits US national banks to custody crypto (Interpretive Letter 1170)","summary":"On July 22, 2020, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency issued Interpretive Letter 1170, concluding that national banks and federal savings associations may hold cryptographic keys and provide crypto custody services for customers. The OCC framed this as merely a modern extension of banks' traditional safekeeping business, which was a tidy way of telling the entire US banking system it was now cleared to enter crypto custody.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":9537.24,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":671.65,"multiple":7.716,"links":[{"label":"OCC Interpretive Letter 1170 (PDF)","url":"https://www.occ.gov/topics/charters-and-licensing/interpretations-and-actions/2020/int1170.pdf","type":"primary"},{"label":"Norton Rose Fulbright: OCC issues groundbreaking interpretive letter on cryptocurrency custody services","url":"https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en-us/knowledge/publications/ab724c48/us-occ-issues-groundbreaking-interpretive-letter-on-cryptocurrency-custody-services","type":"news"},{"label":"Cleary Fintech Update: OCC interpretation opens the door for banks to enter crypto custody","url":"https://www.clearyfintechupdate.com/2020/07/occ-interpretation-opens-the-door-for-banks-to-enter-the-crypto-custody-business/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/occ-permits-us-national-banks-to-custody-crypto-interpretive-letter-1170-2020"},{"id":"yearn-finance-launches-yfi-via-a-fair-launch-with-zero-premine-2020","date":"2020-07-17","title":"Yearn Finance launches YFI via a fair launch with zero premine","summary":"On July 17, 2020, Andre Cronje distributed the entire 30,000-token supply of YFI to Yearn liquidity providers, keeping none for himself, the team, or investors. He insisted the token was \"completely valueless\"; the market promptly disagreed, sending it past the price of a single bitcoin within weeks and cementing the \"fair launch\" as DeFi's preferred origin myth.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":9156.79,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":703.71,"multiple":8.037,"links":[{"label":"Andre Cronje, \"YFI\" (Yearn Medium announcement) (archived)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/2020/https://medium.com/iearn/yfi-df84573db81","type":"primary"},{"label":"Yearn Introduces YFI Governance Token and New Liquidity Pools (DeFi Rate)","url":"https://defirate.com/news/yfi-governance-token/","type":"news"},{"label":"Yearn.Finance (YFI): A Fair-Launch DeFi Token Experiment (Gemini Cryptopedia)","url":"https://www.gemini.com/cryptopedia/what-is-yearn-finance-yfi-coin-yearnfinance","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/yearn-finance-launches-yfi-via-a-fair-launch-with-zero-premine-2020"},{"id":"compound-begins-comp-token-distribution-kicking-off-defi-summers-yield-farming-b","date":"2020-06-15","title":"Compound begins COMP token distribution, kicking off DeFi Summer's yield-farming boom","summary":"On June 15, 2020, lending protocol Compound began distributing its COMP governance token to lenders and borrowers, handing out roughly 2,880 tokens a day in proportion to interest accrued. The scheme rewarded users for simply using the protocol, and the resulting yield-farming gold rush sent COMP from launch to a brief $370+ peak within a week and inspired nearly every DeFi project to bolt on its own liquidity-mining program. The episode is widely credited as the spark of the 2020 'DeFi Summer.'","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":9429.65,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":680.45,"multiple":7.805,"links":[{"label":"COMP Governance & Distribution Update (Compound Labs)","url":"https://medium.com/compound-finance/comp-governance-distribution-update-f371c1cb9ca1","type":"primary"},{"label":"With COMP Below $100, a Look Back at the 'DeFi Summer' It Sparked (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2020/10/20/with-comp-below-100-a-look-back-at-the-defi-summer-it-sparked","type":"news"},{"label":"Compound's Approach to DeFi Governance Starts With Giving Away COMP Tokens (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2020/05/28/compounds-approach-to-defi-governance-starts-with-giving-away-comp-tokens","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/compound-begins-comp-token-distribution-kicking-off-defi-summers-yield-farming-b"},{"id":"halving-3","date":"2020-05-11","title":"Third halving (block 630,000)","summary":"Block reward drops 12.5 → 6.25 BTC. Coinbase tag of block 630,000: 'NYTimes 09/Apr/2020 With $2.3T Injection, Fed's Plan Far Exceeds 2008 Rescue.' Macro narrative crystallises.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":8580,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":757.74,"multiple":8.577,"links":[{"label":"Blockchain.com Explorer — Bitcoin Block 630,000 (halving block, reward dropped 12.5→6.25 BTC, mined by AntPool May 11 2020)","url":"https://www.blockchain.com/explorer/blocks/btc/630000","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Bitcoin Halving Arrives: Mining Rewards Drop for Third Time in History","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2020/05/11/bitcoin-halving-arrives-mining-rewards-drop-for-third-time-in-history","type":"news"},{"label":"Bitcoin.com News — Bitcoin's Third Halving Complete: Reward Cut Surprisingly Faster Than Previous Time Estimates","url":"https://news.bitcoin.com/bitcoins-third-halving-complete-reward-cut-surprisingly-faster-than-previous-time-estimates/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/third-bitcoin-halving-2020"},{"id":"makerdao-black-thursday-zero-bid-liquidations-during-eth-crash-2020","date":"2020-03-12","title":"MakerDAO 'Black Thursday': zero-bid liquidations during ETH crash","summary":"When ETH fell ~43% on March 12, 2020, Ethereum gas spiked, Maker's price oracles lagged, and a wave of vaults liquidated at once while keeper bots choked in the mempool. With almost no competing bids getting through, opportunistic bots won roughly $8.32M of ETH collateral for 0 DAI, leaving the protocol about $4-6.65M in bad debt and forcing MakerDAO to mint and auction new MKR — diluting holders to plug a hole that no one technically hacked.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":4916.78,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1396.79,"multiple":14.968,"links":[{"label":"Black Thursday for MakerDAO: $8.32 million was liquidated for 0 DAI (Whiterabbit)","url":"https://medium.com/@whiterabbit_hq/black-thursday-for-makerdao-8-32-million-was-liquidated-for-0-dai-36b83cac56b6","type":"primary"},{"label":"What Really Happened To MakerDAO? (Glassnode Insights)","url":"https://insights.glassnode.com/what-really-happened-to-makerdao/","type":"reference"},{"label":"'Black Thursday' losses spur $28 million class-action lawsuit against Maker Foundation (The Block)","url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/61797/maker-foundation-class-action-lawsuit-black-thursday","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/makerdao-black-thursday-zero-bid-liquidations-during-eth-crash-2020"},{"id":"black-thursday","date":"2020-03-12","title":"Black Thursday — BTC drops 50% in a day","summary":"Global liquidity crunch as COVID lockdowns begin. BTC plunges from ~$7,900 to $3,800 in 24 hours. The bottom of the cycle-3 unwind. Peter Schiff calls it dead. It was up 18× within 20 months.","category":"market","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":4970,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1380.76,"multiple":14.808,"links":[{"label":"Multicoin Capital — March 12: The Day Crypto Markets Broke (contemporary primary analysis, Mar 17 2020)","url":"https://multicoin.capital/2020/03/17/march-12-the-day-crypto-market-structure-broke/","type":"primary"},{"label":"Wikipedia — History of bitcoin (documents the ~50% / 25%-in-24h March 2020 COVID crash)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bitcoin","type":"reference"},{"label":"Decrypt — Bitcoin's Black Thursday: One Year Later (BTC fell ~50% to $4,600 on Mar 12 2020)","url":"https://decrypt.co/61200/bitcoin-black-thursday-one-year-later","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-black-thursday-covid-crash-2020"},{"id":"indias-supreme-court-overturns-rbi-crypto-banking-ban-2020","date":"2020-03-04","title":"India's Supreme Court overturns RBI crypto banking ban","summary":"On March 4, 2020, the Supreme Court of India struck down the Reserve Bank of India's April 2018 circular that had barred regulated banks from servicing cryptocurrency businesses, calling the blanket ban disproportionate. The decision reopened banking rails for exchanges in one of the world's largest markets, though it left the door open for Parliament to legislate restrictions later, which it duly threatened to do.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":8773.78,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":738.79,"multiple":8.388,"links":[{"label":"India's Supreme Court Lifts Banking Ban on Crypto Exchanges (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2020/03/04/indias-supreme-court-lifts-banking-ban-on-crypto-exchanges","type":"news"},{"label":"Indian supreme court overturns RBI crypto ban (Central Banking)","url":"https://www.centralbanking.com/central-banks/governance/accountability/4760736/indian-supreme-court-overturns-rbi-crypto-ban","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/indias-supreme-court-overturns-rbi-crypto-banking-ban-2020"},{"id":"grayscale-bitcoin-trust-becomes-an-sec-reporting-company-2020","date":"2020-01-21","title":"Grayscale Bitcoin Trust becomes an SEC-reporting company","summary":"GBTC's Form 10 is deemed effective, making it the first digital-currency investment vehicle to gain SEC-reporting status — a key conduit for institutional BTC exposure.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":8724.84,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":743.5,"multiple":8.435,"links":[{"label":"GlobeNewswire — Grayscale Bitcoin Trust Becomes SEC Reporting Company","url":"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/01/21/1973013/0/en/Grayscale-Bitcoin-Trust-Becomes-SEC-Reporting-Company.html","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/grayscale-bitcoin-trust-becomes-an-sec-reporting-company-2020"},{"id":"ethereum-activates-the-istanbul-hard-fork-2019","date":"2019-12-08","title":"Ethereum activates the Istanbul hard fork","summary":"Ethereum's Istanbul upgrade goes live, repricing gas and adding opcodes to improve interoperability and DoS resistance ahead of Eth2.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":7539.7,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":876.09,"multiple":9.761,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Ethereum's Istanbul Hard Fork Is Now Live","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2019/12/08/ethereums-istanbul-hard-fork-is-now-live","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ethereum-activates-the-istanbul-hard-fork-2019"},{"id":"makerdao-launches-multi-collateral-dai-and-the-dai-savings-rate-2019","date":"2019-11-18","title":"MakerDAO launches Multi-Collateral Dai and the Dai Savings Rate","summary":"On November 18, 2019, MakerDAO upgraded its stablecoin from single-collateral Dai (rebranded \"Sai\") to Multi-Collateral Dai, allowing it to be backed by multiple Ethereum assets starting with ETH and BAT. The same upgrade introduced the Dai Savings Rate, a smart contract that pays holders a governance-set yield (initially 2%) for the radical act of leaving their stablecoins sitting still. It remains one of DeFi's foundational protocol milestones, turning a one-asset experiment into a multi-collateral monetary system.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":8190.16,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":798.57,"multiple":8.986,"links":[{"label":"Multi-Collateral Dai Launches and Introduces the Dai Savings Rate (MakerDAO press release)","url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/multi-collateral-dai-launches-and-introduces-the-dai-savings-rate-300960077.html","type":"primary"},{"label":"MakerDAO's Multi-Collateral DAI Token Is Launching Nov. 18 (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/10/09/makerdaos-multi-collateral-dai-token-is-launching-nov-18","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/makerdao-launches-multi-collateral-dai-and-the-dai-savings-rate-2019"},{"id":"sec-halts-telegrams-1-7b-ton-token-offering-2019","date":"2019-10-11","title":"SEC halts Telegram's $1.7B TON token offering","summary":"The SEC wins an emergency restraining order blocking Telegram from distributing Gram tokens from its $1.7 billion raise, leading to the project's eventual termination.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":8278.05,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":789.03,"multiple":8.89,"links":[{"label":"SEC — SEC Halts Alleged $1.7 Billion Unregistered Digital Token Offering","url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2019-212","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — SEC Halts Telegram's $1.7 Billion Token Issuance","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/10/11/sec-halts-telegrams-17-billion-unlawful-token-issuance","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sec-halts-telegrams-1-7b-ton-token-offering-2019"},{"id":"sec-settles-with-block-one-over-the-4b-eos-ico-2019","date":"2019-09-30","title":"SEC settles with Block.one over the $4B EOS ICO","summary":"The SEC fines EOS issuer Block.one $24 million for conducting an unregistered ICO that had raised several billion dollars — the resolution of the largest token sale ever.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":8314.62,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":785.12,"multiple":8.851,"links":[{"label":"SEC — Blockchain Company to Pay $24 Million Penalty for Unregistered ICO","url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2019-202","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — EOS Maker Block.One Settles With SEC","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/09/30/eos-maker-blockone-settles-with-sec-over-unregistered-securities-sale","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sec-settles-with-block-one-over-the-4b-eos-ico-2019"},{"id":"bakkt-launch","date":"2019-09-23","title":"Bakkt launches physically-settled BTC futures","summary":"ICE-owned, NYSE-adjacent. First major institutional venue settling in real BTC, not USD. Pre-figures the institutional rails of the 2024 ETF era.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":9900,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":643.37,"multiple":7.434,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: Bakkt Is Finally Launching Its Bitcoin Futures Today. Here's What to Expect (Sep 23, 2019)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/09/23/bakkt-is-finally-launching-its-bitcoin-futures-today-heres-what-to-expect","type":"news"},{"label":"Bitcoin Magazine: Bakkt Opens Bitcoin Futures Trading, Clocks 29 Contracts In First 12 Hours","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/bakkt-opens-bitcoin-futures-trading-clocks-29-contracts-in-first-12-hours","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia: Bakkt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakkt","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bakkt-physically-settled-futures-2019"},{"id":"plustoken-ponzi-collapses-with-billions-in-crypto-absorbed-and-later-liquidated-","date":"2019-06-27","title":"PlusToken Ponzi collapses, with billions in crypto absorbed and later liquidated onto markets","summary":"In late June 2019, the PlusToken \"high-yield wallet\" abruptly froze withdrawals and six ringleaders were arrested in Vanuatu, ending one of the largest crypto Ponzi schemes ever, which had absorbed roughly 314,000 BTC plus millions of ETH and other coins from over 2 million investors. Chinese authorities eventually jailed the operators and seized the haul; the gradual liquidation of those coins was widely blamed for dragging on Bitcoin's price through 2019. As far as \"decentralized finance\" goes, it was mostly a centralized exit.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":11154.09,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":559.79,"multiple":6.598,"links":[{"label":"Ringleaders of PlusToken scam jailed for up to 11 years","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2020/12/01/ringleaders-of-plustoken-scam-jailed-for-up-to-11-years","type":"news"},{"label":"PlusToken Scammers Didn't Just Steal $2+ Billion. They May Also Be Driving Down the Price of Bitcoin.","url":"https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/plustoken-scam-bitcoin-price/","type":"reference"},{"label":"PlusToken - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlusToken","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/plustoken-ponzi-collapses-with-billions-in-crypto-absorbed-and-later-liquidated-"},{"id":"bitcoin-tops-13-800-in-the-libra-fueled-rally-2019","date":"2019-06-26","title":"Bitcoin tops ~$13,800 in the Libra-fueled rally","summary":"BTC peaks near $13,800, its highest since the 2017 bull market, in a recovery rally amplified by Facebook's Libra announcement before fading through the summer.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":12913.28,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":469.91,"multiple":5.699,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — A Year After Bottoming Out at $3,100, Bitcoin Is Up 127%","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/12/16/a-year-after-bottoming-out-at-3100-bitcoin-is-up-127","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-tops-13-800-in-the-libra-fueled-rally-2019"},{"id":"fatf-adopts-the-crypto-travel-rule-2019","date":"2019-06-21","title":"FATF adopts the crypto 'Travel Rule'","summary":"The Financial Action Task Force extends wire-transfer recordkeeping to virtual-asset service providers, requiring exchanges to share sender and recipient data — reshaping VASP compliance worldwide.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":10218.87,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":620.18,"multiple":7.202,"links":[{"label":"Elliptic — What is the Travel Rule?","url":"https://www.elliptic.co/blockchain-basics/what-is-the-travel-rule","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/fatf-adopts-the-crypto-travel-rule-2019"},{"id":"libra-announce","date":"2019-06-18","title":"Facebook announces Libra (later Diem)","summary":"Mark Zuckerberg unveils a global stablecoin backed by a basket of currencies. Spectacularly fails under regulatory pressure; the project shuts down in 2022. Convinces every central bank that a CBDC is now urgent.","category":"institutional","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":9120,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":706.95,"multiple":8.07,"links":[{"label":"Meta Newsroom — Coming in 2020: Calibra (official Facebook announcement, June 18, 2019)","url":"https://about.fb.com/news/2019/06/coming-in-2020-calibra/","type":"primary"},{"label":"TechCrunch — Facebook announces Libra cryptocurrency: All you need to know (June 18, 2019)","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2019/06/18/facebook-libra/","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia — Diem (digital currency), formerly Libra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diem_(digital_currency)","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/facebook-announces-libra-2019"},{"id":"chainlink-launches-its-oracle-network-on-ethereum-mainnet-2019","date":"2019-05-30","title":"Chainlink launches its oracle network on Ethereum mainnet","summary":"Chainlink goes live on mainnet with its first price feed, establishing the decentralized oracle infrastructure that DeFi would come to depend on.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":8276.25,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":789.22,"multiple":8.892,"links":[{"label":"Chainlink — Three Years on Mainnet","url":"https://blog.chain.link/three-years-on-mainnet/","type":"primary"},{"label":"Decrypt — Chainlink mainnet to go live on Ethereum","url":"https://decrypt.co/7042/chainlink-mainnet-live-ethereum-may","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/chainlink-launches-its-oracle-network-on-ethereum-mainnet-2019"},{"id":"binance-hot-wallet-hacked-for-7-000-btc-40m-2019","date":"2019-05-07","title":"Binance hot wallet hacked for 7,000 BTC (~$40M)","summary":"On May 7, 2019, attackers drained 7,000 BTC (about $40.7M) from Binance's hot wallet in a single transaction, using compromised API keys and 2FA codes that sailed through the exchange's security checks. The world's largest exchange covered the entire loss from its SAFU insurance fund, leaving users whole and turning \"funds are safu\" into an enduring industry meme. CEO Changpeng Zhao briefly floated convincing miners to reorganize the Bitcoin chain to reverse the theft before thinking better of it.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":5819.57,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1164.6,"multiple":12.646,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: Hackers Steal $40.7 Million in Bitcoin From Crypto Exchange Binance","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/05/07/hackers-steal-407-million-in-bitcoin-from-crypto-exchange-binance","type":"news"},{"label":"Finance Magnates: Binance Endures Cyber Attack, 7,000 BTC Stolen","url":"https://www.financemagnates.com/cryptocurrency/news/binance-endures-cyber-attack-7000-btc-stolen/","type":"news"},{"label":"Binance: Understanding the Secure Asset Fund for Users (SAFU)","url":"https://www.binance.com/en/square/post/18606516134642","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/binance-hot-wallet-hacked-for-7-000-btc-40m-2019"},{"id":"ny-ag-accuses-bitfinex-of-covering-an-850m-loss-with-tether-funds-2019","date":"2019-04-25","title":"NY AG accuses Bitfinex of covering an $850M loss with Tether funds","summary":"The New York Attorney General obtains a court order alleging Bitfinex used Tether reserves to secretly cover an $850 million shortfall — the start of years of scrutiny over Tether's backing.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":5162.67,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1325.5,"multiple":14.255,"links":[{"label":"NY AG — Court Order Against Crypto Currency Company","url":"https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2019/attorney-general-james-announces-court-order-against-crypto-currency-company","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Bitfinex Covered $850 Million Loss Using Tether Funds, NY Prosecutors Allege","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/04/25/bitfinex-covered-850-million-loss-using-tether-funds-ny-prosecutors-allege","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ny-ag-accuses-bitfinex-of-covering-an-850m-loss-with-tether-funds-2019"},{"id":"jpmorgan-unveils-jpm-coin-the-first-us-bank-issued-digital-currency-2019","date":"2019-02-14","title":"JPMorgan unveils JPM Coin, the first US bank-issued digital currency","summary":"JPMorgan announced JPM Coin, a dollar-pegged token running on its Quorum blockchain for instant wholesale settlement between institutional clients. It was the first digital currency issued by a major US bank, arriving from an institution whose CEO had two years earlier called Bitcoin a fraud. Retail users, naturally, were never invited.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":3588.72,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1950.7,"multiple":20.507,"links":[{"label":"CNBC: JPMorgan rolling out first US bank-backed cryptocurrency","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/13/jp-morgan-is-rolling-out-the-first-us-bank-backed-cryptocurrency-to-transform-payments--.html","type":"news"},{"label":"JPM Coin - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPM_Coin","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/jpmorgan-unveils-jpm-coin-the-first-us-bank-issued-digital-currency-2019"},{"id":"binance-launchpads-bittorrent-sale-ignites-the-ieo-boom-2019","date":"2019-01-28","title":"Binance Launchpad's BitTorrent sale ignites the IEO boom","summary":"Binance's relaunched Launchpad sells out the BitTorrent token offering in minutes, kicking off the 2019 Initial Exchange Offering fundraising craze.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":3453.42,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":2031.05,"multiple":21.31,"links":[{"label":"Binance — BitTorrent Token Sale Results (archived)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/2019/https://www.binance.com/en/blog/296665704096014336/Binance-Launchpad-BitTorrent-Token-Sale-Results","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinTracker — Binance and the Rise of the IEO","url":"https://www.cointracker.io/blog/binance-and-the-rise-of-the-initial-exchange-offering-ieo","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/binance-launchpads-bittorrent-sale-ignites-the-ieo-boom-2019"},{"id":"quadrigacx-announces-ceo-gerald-cottens-death-leaving-c-190m-in-client-funds-ina","date":"2019-01-14","title":"QuadrigaCX announces CEO Gerald Cotten's death, leaving ~C$190M in client funds inaccessible","summary":"On January 14, 2019, Canada's largest crypto exchange QuadrigaCX announced that its founder Gerald Cotten had died in India the previous month, supposedly taking with him the only keys to the cold wallets holding customers' money. A later OSC investigation found there were no missing wallets to speak of: Cotten had been running the platform as a Ponzi scheme, and most of the roughly C$190M shortfall came from his own fraudulent trading rather than a deceased man's forgotten passwords.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":3703.9,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1886.93,"multiple":19.869,"links":[{"label":"OSC: QuadrigaCX — A Review by Staff of the Ontario Securities Commission","url":"https://www.osc.ca/quadrigacxreport/","type":"primary"},{"label":"CBC: Crypto exchange Quadriga was a fraud and founder ran a Ponzi scheme, OSC report finds","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/quadriga-osc-report-fraud-1.5607990","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia: Quadriga (company)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga_(company)","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/quadrigacx-announces-ceo-gerald-cottens-death-leaving-c-190m-in-client-funds-ina"},{"id":"winter-low-3200","date":"2018-12-15","title":"BTC bottoms at ~$3,200 (84% drawdown)","summary":"End of the cycle-3 bear market. Bloomberg writes a full-blown obituary the same week. Three years later: $69,000.","category":"market","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":3220,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":2185.53,"multiple":22.855,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: A Year After Bottoming Out at $3,100, Bitcoin Is Up 127% (cites Dec. 15, 2018 low of $3,122 per CoinDesk BPI)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/12/16/a-year-after-bottoming-out-at-3100-bitcoin-is-up-127","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk: Bitcoin Drops Below $3.4K to Set a New 2018 Low (contemporaneous Dec. 7, 2018 report citing 84.28% drawdown from ATH)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2018/12/07/bitcoin-drops-below-34k-to-set-a-new-2018-low","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia: Cryptocurrency bubble (Bitcoin reached a low of ~$3,100 in December 2018; ~80% drawdown from peak)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency_bubble","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/crypto-winter-bottom-3200-2018"},{"id":"sec-settles-with-airfox-and-paragon-first-civil-penalties-for-ico-registration-v","date":"2018-11-16","title":"SEC settles with Airfox and Paragon, first civil penalties for ICO registration violations","summary":"The SEC settled charges against CarrierEQ (Airfox) and Paragon Coin, the agency's first cases imposing civil penalties purely for failing to register ICO tokens as securities, absent any fraud allegation. Each firm paid a $250,000 penalty and agreed to register its tokens under the Exchange Act, file periodic reports, and refund harmed investors. The settlements effectively published a compliance template that every subsequent unregistered-ICO case would follow.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":5586.27,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1217.41,"multiple":13.174,"links":[{"label":"SEC Press Release 2018-264: Two ICO Issuers Settle SEC Registration Charges","url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2018-264","type":"primary"},{"label":"Proskauer: Airfox and Paragon Settle with SEC for Unregistered ICOs","url":"https://www.proskauer.com/blog/airfox-and-paragon-settle-with-sec-for-unregistered-icos-civil-monetary-penalties-imposed-rescission-and-registration-required","type":"reference"},{"label":"Bloomberg Law: The SEC's Paragon Coin and AirFox Settlements","url":"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/securities-law/insight-the-secs-paragon-coin-and-airfox-settlements-a-path-forward","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sec-settles-with-airfox-and-paragon-first-civil-penalties-for-ico-registration-v"},{"id":"bitcoin-cash-splits-into-bch-and-bitcoin-sv-igniting-the-hash-war-2018","date":"2018-11-15","title":"Bitcoin Cash splits into BCH and Bitcoin SV, igniting the \"hash war\"","summary":"On 15 November 2018, Bitcoin Cash hard-forked at block 556,766 into two chains: Bitcoin ABC (which kept the BCH ticker) and Bitcoin SV, championed by Craig Wright and Calvin Ayre under the \"Satoshi's Vision\" banner. The two camps then burned enormous hashpower trying to out-mine each other in a \"hash war\" that rattled an already-sinking 2018 bear market, before the ABC chain prevailed and the chains went their separate ways.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":5647.5,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1203.13,"multiple":13.031,"links":[{"label":"List of bitcoin forks - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bitcoin_forks","type":"reference"},{"label":"Hash Wars: The Bitcoin Cash Hard Fork Has Begun - Bitcoin.com News","url":"https://news.bitcoin.com/hash-wars-the-bitcoin-cash-hard-fork-has-begun/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-cash-splits-into-bch-and-bitcoin-sv-igniting-the-hash-war-2018"},{"id":"uniswap-v1-deploys-on-ethereum-mainnet-2018","date":"2018-11-02","title":"Uniswap V1 deploys on Ethereum mainnet","summary":"On the closing day of Devcon 4, Hayden Adams deployed Uniswap's smart contracts to Ethereum mainnet, seeding the protocol with roughly $30,000 in liquidity. The constant-product automated market maker it popularized went on to become the default template for decentralized exchanges, order books optional.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":6394.66,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1050.87,"multiple":11.509,"links":[{"label":"A Short History of Uniswap (official blog)","url":"https://blog.uniswap.org/uniswap-history","type":"primary"},{"label":"Uniswap Labs Founding Story - Contrary Research","url":"https://research.contrary.com/company/uniswap-labs","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/uniswap-v1-deploys-on-ethereum-mainnet-2018"},{"id":"fidelity-launches-fidelity-digital-assets-for-institutional-crypto-custody-and-t","date":"2018-10-15","title":"Fidelity launches Fidelity Digital Assets for institutional crypto custody and trade execution","summary":"On October 15, 2018, Fidelity Investments spun up Fidelity Digital Asset Services, offering enterprise-grade custody and trade execution for institutional clients like hedge funds, family offices, and market intermediaries. Coming from a multi-trillion-dollar asset manager in the depths of a bear market, it was a notable signal that Wall Street infrastructure was being built for an asset class most of Wall Street still publicly disdained.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":6612.36,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1012.98,"multiple":11.13,"links":[{"label":"Fidelity launches trade execution and custody for cryptocurrencies","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/15/fidelity-launches-trade-execution-and-custody-for-cryptocurrencies.html","type":"news"},{"label":"Fidelity Rolls Out Crypto Trading and Custody Firm","url":"https://www.thinkadvisor.com/2018/10/15/fidelity-rolls-out-crypto-trading-and-custody-firm/","type":"news"},{"label":"Fidelity launches digital asset company with custody, trade execution services","url":"https://finadium.com/fidelity-launches-digital-asset-company-with-custody-trade-execution-services/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/fidelity-launches-fidelity-digital-assets-for-institutional-crypto-custody-and-t"},{"id":"yales-endowment-invests-in-andreessen-horowitz-and-paradigm-crypto-funds-2018","date":"2018-10-05","title":"Yale's endowment invests in Andreessen Horowitz and Paradigm crypto funds","summary":"In October 2018, David Swensen, the legendary CIO of Yale's roughly $30 billion endowment, committed capital to two dedicated crypto venture funds: Andreessen Horowitz's $300 million debut crypto fund and Paradigm, the $400 million fund co-founded by Coinbase's Fred Ehrsam and ex-Sequoia partner Matt Huang. Coming from the man whose playbook most large endowments slavishly copy, the tiny allocation was less about the dollars than about the signal that crypto had become a respectable line item for institutional money.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":6632.87,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1009.53,"multiple":11.095,"links":[{"label":"CNBC: Yale investment chief David Swensen jumps into crypto","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/05/yale-investment-chief-david-swensen-jumps-into-crypto-with-bets-on-two-silicon-valley-funds.html","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk: Yale University Said to Invest in $400 Million Paradigm Crypto Fund","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2018/10/05/yale-university-said-to-invest-in-400-million-paradigm-crypto-fund","type":"news"},{"label":"Nasdaq/Bloomberg: Famed Endowment Manager Invests Yale's Money in Crypto Funds","url":"https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/famed-endowment-manager-invests-yales-money-in-crypto-funds.-2018-10-05","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/yales-endowment-invests-in-andreessen-horowitz-and-paradigm-crypto-funds-2018"},{"id":"circle-launches-usd-coin-usdc-via-the-centre-consortium-2018","date":"2018-09-26","title":"Circle launches USD Coin (USDC) via the CENTRE Consortium","summary":"Circle, through the newly formed CENTRE Consortium, launched USD Coin (USDC), a fully-reserved, dollar-pegged stablecoin issued by a regulated money services business — pitched as the law-abiding answer to Tether's perennial reserve questions. It began trading on Poloniex and Circle Trade on September 26, 2018, with Coinbase formally co-founding CENTRE and listing the token weeks later. It went on to become the second-largest stablecoin and a backbone of DeFi.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":6462.6,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1038.77,"multiple":11.388,"links":[{"label":"Circle's USDC Stablecoin Begins Trading (Nasdaq)","url":"https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/circles-usdc-stablecoin-begins-trading-2018-09-26","type":"news"},{"label":"USD Coin launches with wide ecosystem support (Circle blog)","url":"https://www.circle.com/blog/usd-coin-launches-with-wide-ecosystem-support","type":"primary"},{"label":"Circle & Coinbase Co-Found the CENTRE Consortium","url":"https://www.circle.com/blog/coinbase-and-circle-co-found-the-centre-consortium","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/circle-launches-usd-coin-usdc-via-the-centre-consortium-2018"},{"id":"lightning-labs-releases-lnd-0-4-beta-first-mainnet-ready-lightning-network-imple","date":"2018-03-15","title":"Lightning Labs releases lnd 0.4-beta, first mainnet-ready Lightning Network implementation","summary":"On March 15, 2018, Lightning Labs shipped lnd 0.4-beta, the first release of its Lightning Network daemon deemed safe enough to point at real bitcoin on mainnet, alongside a $2.5M seed round. The team paired the milestone with the now-traditional advice to \"experiment with only small amounts,\" which is roughly how every Layer-2 launch begins. It marked the practical starting line for Bitcoin's primary payments scaling layer.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":8268.41,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":790.06,"multiple":8.901,"links":[{"label":"Announcing our first Lightning mainnet release, lnd 0.4-beta! (Lightning Labs)","url":"https://lightning.engineering/posts/2018-03-15-lnd-beta/","type":"primary"},{"label":"Lightning's First Implementation Is Now in Beta; Developers Raise $2.5M (Bitcoin Magazine)","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/lightnings-first-implementation-now-beta-developers-raise-25m","type":"news"},{"label":"Lightning Labs announcement on X: \"Lightning goes live on mainnet\"","url":"https://x.com/lightning/status/974299189076148224","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/lightning-labs-releases-lnd-0-4-beta-first-mainnet-ready-lightning-network-imple"},{"id":"square-enables-bitcoin-trading-in-cash-app-2018","date":"2018-01-31","title":"Square enables Bitcoin trading in Cash App","summary":"Jack Dorsey's Square rolls out bitcoin buying and selling to nearly all Cash App users, putting BTC access into a mainstream consumer payments app.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":10226.86,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":619.61,"multiple":7.196,"links":[{"label":"CNBC — Square launches bitcoin trading for Cash App users","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/31/jack-dorseys-square-launches-bitcoin-trading-for-all-cash-app-users-except-those-in-four-states.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/square-enables-bitcoin-trading-in-cash-app-2018"},{"id":"coincheck-hack","date":"2018-01-26","title":"Coincheck hacked: $530M in NEM stolen","summary":"Largest cryptocurrency hack at the time. Tokyo-based exchange compensates users from its own funds. Japan tightens exchange licensing in response.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":11400,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":545.56,"multiple":6.456,"links":[{"label":"Coincheck — Wikipedia (covers the January 2018 $530M NEM hack in detail)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coincheck","type":"reference"},{"label":"Fortune: Japan to Inspect Cryptocurrency Traders After Coincheck Hack (Jan 29, 2018)","url":"https://fortune.com/2018/01/29/japan-coincheck-cryptocurrency-hack/","type":"news"},{"label":"TechCrunch: Coincheck users are suing to get their money off the hacked exchange (Feb 12, 2018)","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2018/02/12/coincheck-hack-lawsuit-nem-cryptocurrency/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/coincheck-530m-nem-hack-2018"},{"id":"bitconnect-shuts-down-its-lending-and-exchange-platform-bcc-collapses-92-2018","date":"2018-01-16","title":"BitConnect shuts down its lending and exchange platform; BCC collapses ~92%","summary":"On January 16, 2018, BitConnect abruptly closed its lending and exchange operation, blaming \"bad press,\" cease-and-desist orders from Texas and North Carolina regulators, and DDoS attacks — everything, that is, except the part where it was a Ponzi scheme. Its BCC token cratered roughly 92% within hours, and U.S. authorities later pegged the total fraud at about $2.4 billion, cementing BitConnect as the defining cautionary tale of the 2017 ICO mania.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":11282.49,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":552.29,"multiple":6.523,"links":[{"label":"BitConnect, which has been accused of running a Ponzi scheme, shuts down (TechCrunch)","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/16/bitconnect-which-has-been-accused-of-running-a-ponzi-scheme-shuts-down/","type":"news"},{"label":"BitConnect Investors Left in the Lurch as Token's Price Drops 90% (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2018/01/17/bitconnect-investors-left-in-the-lurch-as-tokens-price-drops-90","type":"news"},{"label":"BitConnect (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitconnect","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitconnect-shuts-down-its-lending-and-exchange-platform-bcc-collapses-92-2018"},{"id":"opensea-founded-becoming-the-dominant-nft-marketplace-2017","date":"2017-12-20","title":"OpenSea founded, becoming the dominant NFT marketplace","summary":"Devin Finzer and Alex Atallah founded OpenSea in December 2017, shortly after CryptoKitties demonstrated that people would, in fact, pay real money for pictures of cartoon cats. It went on to become the central trading venue for the 2021 NFT boom, processing billions in volume before the mania cooled.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":16461.97,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":347.05,"multiple":4.471,"links":[{"label":"OpenSea - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSea","type":"reference"},{"label":"Devin Finzer - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devin_Finzer","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/opensea-founded-becoming-the-dominant-nft-marketplace-2017"},{"id":"makerdao-launches-dai-single-collateral-stablecoin-on-ethereum-mainnet-2017","date":"2017-12-18","title":"MakerDAO launches DAI (Single-Collateral) stablecoin on Ethereum mainnet","summary":"On December 18, 2017, MakerDAO launched its Single-Collateral DAI (later retroactively dubbed \"Sai\"), a stablecoin soft-pegged to the US dollar and backed solely by ether locked in collateralized debt positions. It became the first widely used decentralized, crypto-collateralized stablecoin and a foundational money primitive for the DeFi ecosystem that followed.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":18972.32,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":287.9,"multiple":3.879,"links":[{"label":"Dai (cryptocurrency) - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_(cryptocurrency)","type":"reference"},{"label":"MakerDAO Launches New Dai Stablecoin on the Ethereum Blockchain - CryptoSlate","url":"https://cryptoslate.com/makerdao-launches-new-dai-stablecoin-ethereum-blockchain/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/makerdao-launches-dai-single-collateral-stablecoin-on-ethereum-mainnet-2017"},{"id":"cme-futures","date":"2017-12-18","title":"CME launches Bitcoin futures","summary":"CME's contract eventually overtakes CBOE's. CBOE delists its product in 2019. Today CME BTC open interest is one of the most-watched institutional gauges.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":19100,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":285.31,"multiple":3.853,"links":[{"label":"CME Group Self-Certifies Bitcoin Futures to Launch Dec. 18 (official CME press release, Dec 1, 2017)","url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cme-group-self-certifies-bitcoin-futures-to-launch-dec-18-300564891.html","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk: CME, CBOE to Begin Bitcoin Futures Trading","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/12/01/cme-cboe-to-begin-bitcoin-futures-trading","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/cme-launches-bitcoin-futures-2017"},{"id":"btc-19800","date":"2017-12-17","title":"BTC peaks at ~$19,800 (cycle 3 top)","summary":"Coinbase becomes the most-downloaded app on the App Store. Your dentist asks about Ripple. The 84% drawdown begins the next day.","category":"market","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":19800,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":271.69,"multiple":3.717,"links":[{"label":"Fortune (Dec 17, 2017): Bitcoin Hits a New Record High, But Stops Short of $20,000","url":"https://fortune.com/2017/12/17/bitcoin-record-high-short-of-20000/","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk: From $900 to $20,000 — Bitcoin's Historic 2017 Price Run Revisited (cites ATH of $19,783.21 on Dec. 17)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/12/29/from-900-to-20000-bitcoins-historic-2017-price-run-revisited","type":"news"},{"label":"FRBSF Economic Letter 2018-12: How Futures Trading Changed Bitcoin Prices (peak coincided with CME futures launch)","url":"https://www.frbsf.org/research-and-insights/publications/economic-letter/2018/05/how-futures-trading-changed-bitcoin-prices/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-cycle-3-top-19800-2017"},{"id":"cboe-futures","date":"2017-12-10","title":"CBOE launches Bitcoin futures","summary":"The first US-listed regulated BTC derivative. Some argue the futures launch popped the 2017 bubble by enabling institutional shorts. The bubble peaked one week later.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":14500,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":407.54,"multiple":5.075,"links":[{"label":"Cboe Global Markets — Cboe Bitcoin Futures Open for Trading (official press release, Dec 11, 2017)","url":"https://ir.cboe.com/news/news-details/2017/Cboe-Bitcoin-Futures-Open-for-Trading-12-11-2017/","type":"primary"},{"label":"Cboe Global Markets — Cboe Plans December 10 Launch of Bitcoin Futures Trading (official press release, Dec 4, 2017)","url":"https://ir.cboe.com/news/news-details/2017/Cboe-Plans-December-10-Launch-of-Bitcoin-Futures-Trading-12-04-2017/default.aspx","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — CBOE to Begin Bitcoin Futures Trading December 10","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/12/04/cboe-to-begin-bitcoin-futures-trading-december-10","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/cboe-launches-bitcoin-futures-2017"},{"id":"cryptokitties-launches-and-congests-the-ethereum-network-2017","date":"2017-11-28","title":"CryptoKitties launches and congests the Ethereum network","summary":"On November 28, 2017, Dapper Labs released CryptoKitties, a game for collecting and breeding digital cats, billed as the first consumer application on Ethereum. It promptly went viral, clogged the network with pending transactions, and at its peak accounted for roughly a quarter of all Ethereum traffic, offering an early and humbling demonstration that blockchains scale poorly when people actually use them.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":9906.04,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":642.92,"multiple":7.429,"links":[{"label":"CryptoKitties — Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CryptoKitties","type":"reference"},{"label":"CryptoKitties: The World's First Ethereum Game Launches Today (PR Newswire)","url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cryptokitties-the-worlds-first-ethereum-game-launches-today-660494083.html","type":"primary"},{"label":"The Inside Story of the CryptoKitties Congestion Crisis (Consensys)","url":"https://consensys.io/blog/the-inside-story-of-the-cryptokitties-congestion-crisis","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/cryptokitties-launches-and-congests-the-ethereum-network-2017"},{"id":"segwit2x-cancelled","date":"2017-11-08","title":"SegWit2x hard fork cancelled","summary":"Mike Belshe and a coalition of large exchanges call off the planned 2MB hard fork days before activation, citing insufficient consensus. Marks the symbolic end of the block-size war.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":7200,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":922.14,"multiple":10.221,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: 2x Called Off — Bitcoin Hard Fork Suspended for Lack of Consensus (Nov 8, 2017)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/11/08/2x-called-off-bitcoin-hard-fork-suspended-for-lack-of-consensus","type":"news"},{"label":"Bitcoin Magazine: NO2X — Hard Fork \"Suspended\" Due to Lack of Consensus","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/no2x-hard-fork-suspended-due-lack-consensus","type":"reference"},{"label":"TechCrunch: SegWit2x backers cancel plans for bitcoin hard fork (Nov 8, 2017)","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/08/segwit2x-backers-cancel-plans-for-bitcoin-hard-fork/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/segwit2x-cancelled-2017"},{"id":"parity-multisig-bug-freezes-280m-in-eth-2017","date":"2017-11-06","title":"Parity multisig bug freezes ~$280M in ETH","summary":"A user triggers a vulnerability in Parity's multisig wallet library, self-destructing the shared code and permanently freezing roughly $280M of ETH across 500+ wallets — a landmark in smart-contract risk.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":6959.23,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":957.5,"multiple":10.575,"links":[{"label":"Bloomberg — Crypto Wallet Firm Faces More Problems After July Hack","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-07/cryptocurrency-wallet-firm-faces-more-problems-after-july-hack","type":"news"},{"label":"Vice — Someone 'Accidentally' Locked Away ~$280M of Ethereum","url":"https://www.vice.com/en/article/parity-multi-signature-wallet-vulnerability-300-million-hard-fork/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/parity-multisig-bug-freezes-280m-in-eth-2017"},{"id":"onecoins-cryptoqueen-ruja-ignatova-vanishes-amid-4b-ponzi-collapse-2017","date":"2017-10-25","title":"OneCoin's 'Cryptoqueen' Ruja Ignatova vanishes amid $4B Ponzi collapse","summary":"On 25 October 2017, OneCoin founder Ruja Ignatova boarded a Ryanair flight from Sofia to Athens and was never seen again, just as US prosecutors were closing in on what they alleged was a roughly $4 billion global Ponzi scheme dressed up as a cryptocurrency. OneCoin never had a real blockchain, which did little to slow recruitment; Ignatova has since landed on the FBI Ten Most Wanted list with a reward that has climbed to $5 million. Theories about her fate range from comfortable exile to a 2018 murder, and law enforcement still cannot say which.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":5734,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1183.47,"multiple":12.835,"links":[{"label":"Ruja Ignatova - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruja_Ignatova","type":"reference"},{"label":"OneCoin - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OneCoin","type":"reference"},{"label":"Cryptoqueen still on the run from FBI - Fortune","url":"https://fortune.com/2023/01/23/ruja-ignatova-cryptoqueen-on-the-run-fbi-bitcoin-rival-onecoin/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/onecoins-cryptoqueen-ruja-ignatova-vanishes-amid-4b-ponzi-collapse-2017"},{"id":"bitcoin-gold-btg-hard-fork-2017","date":"2017-10-24","title":"Bitcoin Gold (BTG) hard fork","summary":"On October 24, 2017, Bitcoin forked at block 491,407 to create Bitcoin Gold, swapping SHA-256 for the GPU-friendly Equihash in a bid to wrest mining away from ASICs and back toward ordinary hardware. It briefly cracked the top tier of crypto market caps and handed every BTC holder a free airdrop, cementing the post-BCH template of fork-and-distribute that defined late 2017. (The public network and trading didn't actually go live until November 12.)","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":5513.08,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1234.9,"multiple":13.349,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Gold — Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_Gold","type":"reference"},{"label":"List of bitcoin forks — Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bitcoin_forks","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-gold-btg-hard-fork-2017"},{"id":"ethereum-byzantium-metropolis-hard-fork-2017","date":"2017-10-16","title":"Ethereum Byzantium (Metropolis) hard fork","summary":"Ethereum activates Byzantium, the first phase of Metropolis — cutting block rewards from 5 to 3 ETH, delaying the difficulty bomb, and adding zk-proof precompiles and new opcodes.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":5759.33,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1177.82,"multiple":12.778,"links":[{"label":"Ethereum Foundation — Byzantium HF Announcement","url":"https://blog.ethereum.org/2017/10/12/byzantium-hf-announcement","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Ethereum Executes Byzantium Blockchain Software Upgrade","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/10/16/ethereum-executes-byzantium-blockchain-software-upgrade","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ethereum-byzantium-metropolis-hard-fork-2017"},{"id":"south-korea-bans-all-icos-2017","date":"2017-09-29","title":"South Korea bans all ICOs","summary":"South Korea's Financial Services Commission prohibited all forms of token fundraising \"regardless of technical terminology,\" and threw in a ban on cryptocurrency margin trading for good measure. Coming just weeks after China's September 4 ICO ban, it confirmed that 2017's token-sale gold rush had thoroughly worn out its welcome with Asian regulators.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":4172.79,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1663.66,"multiple":17.637,"links":[{"label":"Reuters: South Korea bans raising money through initial coin offerings (archived)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/2017/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southkorea-bitcoin-idUSKCN1C408N","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk: South Korean Regulator Issues ICO Ban","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/09/29/south-korean-regulator-issues-ico-ban/","type":"news"},{"label":"Bloomberg: Cryptocurrencies Drop as South Korea Bans ICOs, Margin Trading","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-29/cryptocurrencies-drop-as-south-korea-bans-icos-margin-trading","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/south-korea-bans-all-icos-2017"},{"id":"china-ico-ban-2017","date":"2017-09-04","title":"China bans ICOs and shuts domestic exchanges","summary":"PBOC declares all initial coin offerings illegal and orders Huobi, OKCoin, BTC China to shut down. The market drops 35% in two weeks, then doubles by November.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":4600,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1499.87,"multiple":15.999,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — China's ICO Ban: A Full Translation of Regulator Remarks (the actual PBOC/regulators notice, Sept 5 2017)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/09/05/chinas-ico-ban-a-full-translation-of-regulator-remarks","type":"primary"},{"label":"Fortune — China Is Shutting Down All of Beijing's Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Exchanges (Sept 15 2017)","url":"https://fortune.com/2017/09/15/china-shutting-down-beijing-bitcoin-cryptocurrency-exchanges/","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk — China's ICO Ban: Understandable, Reasonable and (Probably) Temporary (Sept 12 2017)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/09/12/chinas-ico-ban-understandable-reasonable-and-probably-temporary","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/china-bans-icos-and-exchanges-2017"},{"id":"segwit","date":"2017-08-24","title":"SegWit activated (BIP 141)","summary":"Segregated Witness locks in. Fixes transaction malleability, paves the way for the Lightning Network, and lifts the effective block-size limit without a hard fork. Engineering elegance under fire.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":4400,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1572.59,"multiple":16.726,"links":[{"label":"BIP 141: Segregated Witness (official specification)","url":"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0141.mediawiki","type":"primary"},{"label":"SegWit — Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SegWit","type":"reference"},{"label":"SegWit: What was the Segregated Witness Upgrade? — Learn Me a Bitcoin","url":"https://learnmeabitcoin.com/beginners/guide/segwit/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/segwit-activated-2017"},{"id":"bip-148-uasf-flag-day-pressures-segwit-activation-2017","date":"2017-08-01","title":"BIP 148 UASF flag day pressures SegWit activation","summary":"On August 1, 2017 (00:00 UTC), nodes running the BIP 148 user-activated soft fork began rejecting any block that failed to signal SegWit support, a deliberate threat to orphan non-compliant miners. The brinkmanship worked without the flag day ever firing in anger: miners scrambled to lock in SegWit via BIP 91 days earlier, and SegWit formally activated later that month. It remains the canonical example of economic nodes, rather than hashpower, dictating a Bitcoin upgrade.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":2746.99,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":2579.08,"multiple":26.791,"links":[{"label":"BIP 148 specification (bitcoin/bips)","url":"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0148.mediawiki","type":"primary"},{"label":"The Beginner's Guide to a User Activated Soft Fork (UASF)","url":"https://www.weusecoins.com/uasf-guide/","type":"reference"},{"label":"BIP91: The SegWit Activation Kludge","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/bip91-segwit-activation-kludge-should-keep-bitcoin-whole","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bip-148-uasf-flag-day-pressures-segwit-activation-2017"},{"id":"bch-fork","date":"2017-08-01","title":"Bitcoin Cash hard fork","summary":"At block 478,558 the chain splits. The big-block faction takes the BCH ticker. The small-block side becomes the Bitcoin we know. Block-size war resolved by exit.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":2750,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":2576.15,"multiple":26.761,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin block 478,558 — the Bitcoin Cash fork block (Blockchain.com Explorer)","url":"https://www.blockchain.com/explorer/blocks/btc/478558","type":"primary"},{"label":"Bitcoin Cash — Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_Cash","type":"reference"},{"label":"Bitcoin Is Forking, But Bitcoin Cash Hasn't Been Created Yet (CoinDesk, Aug 1 2017)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/08/01/bitcoin-is-forking-but-bitcoin-cash-hasnt-been-created-yet/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-cash-hard-fork-2017"},{"id":"sec-issues-dao-report-applying-securities-law-to-tokens-2017","date":"2017-07-25","title":"SEC issues DAO Report, applying securities law to tokens","summary":"On July 25, 2017, the SEC released an investigative report concluding that tokens sold by The DAO were securities under the Howey test, effectively putting the entire ICO boom on notice that \"it's not a security, it's a utility token\" was not, in fact, a legal argument. The agency declined to bring charges this time, choosing instead to caution the industry, and thereby laid the groundwork for years of token enforcement actions.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":2582.58,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":2749.63,"multiple":28.496,"links":[{"label":"SEC Press Release: SEC Issues Investigative Report Concluding DAO Tokens Were Securities","url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2017-131","type":"primary"},{"label":"SEC Report of Investigation (Release No. 81207)","url":"https://www.sec.gov/litigation/investreport/34-81207.pdf","type":"primary"},{"label":"K&L Gates: SEC Clarifies that Digital Tokens May Be Securities","url":"https://www.klgates.com/DAO-and-the-Art-of-Securities-Regulation-SEC-Clarifies-that-Digital-Tokens-May-Be-Securities-08-01-2017","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sec-issues-dao-report-applying-securities-law-to-tokens-2017"},{"id":"binance-launches-its-cryptocurrency-exchange-2017","date":"2017-07-14","title":"Binance launches its cryptocurrency exchange","summary":"Changpeng Zhao and Yi He launched Binance on July 14, 2017, funded by a roughly $15 million ICO for its in-house token, BNB. Within about six months it was the world's largest crypto exchange by volume, a position it kept for years while pioneering the exchange-token playbook and offshore derivatives dominance that the rest of the industry promptly copied.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":2234.17,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":3194.02,"multiple":32.94,"links":[{"label":"Binance - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binance","type":"reference"},{"label":"Binance Exchange Launched Date Set (official announcement)","url":"https://www.binance.com/en/support/announcement/binance-exchange-launched-date-set-115000599831","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/binance-launches-its-cryptocurrency-exchange-2017"},{"id":"tezos-closes-a-record-232m-ico-2017","date":"2017-07-13","title":"Tezos closes a record $232M ICO","summary":"Tezos finishes a 13-day crowdsale raising about $232 million — the largest ICO to date at the time, soon mired in governance disputes.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":2362.44,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":3015.17,"multiple":31.152,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — $232 Million Tezos Finishes Record-Setting Token Sale","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/07/13/232-million-tezos-blockchain-project-finishes-record-setting-token-sale","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/tezos-closes-a-record-232m-ico-2017"},{"id":"eos-begins-its-year-long-ico-eventually-4b-2017","date":"2017-06-26","title":"EOS begins its year-long ICO (eventually ~$4B)","summary":"Block.one opens the EOS token sale, a 350-plus-day crowdsale that ultimately raises about $4 billion — the largest ICO in history.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":2446.05,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":2908.69,"multiple":30.087,"links":[{"label":"CCN — EOS ICO Approaches $4 Billion after Year-Long Crowdsale","url":"https://www.ccn.com/eos-ico-approaches-4-billion-after-year-long-crowdsale/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/eos-begins-its-year-long-ico-eventually-4b-2017"},{"id":"cryptopunks-launched-by-larva-labs-2017","date":"2017-06-23","title":"CryptoPunks launched by Larva Labs","summary":"Larva Labs released 10,000 procedurally generated 24x24 pixel avatars on Ethereum, free to claim for anyone willing to pay gas. Built on a custom contract that predated ERC-721, the project is widely credited as the prototype for profile-picture NFTs and a direct inspiration for the standard that would formalize them later that year.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":2710.37,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":2615.28,"multiple":27.153,"links":[{"label":"CryptoPunks - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CryptoPunks","type":"reference"},{"label":"Larva Labs / CryptoPunks","url":"https://www.larvalabs.com/cryptopunks","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/cryptopunks-launched-by-larva-labs-2017"},{"id":"braves-bat-token-sale-raises-35m-in-30-seconds-2017","date":"2017-05-31","title":"Brave's BAT token sale raises $35M in ~30 seconds","summary":"Brendan Eich's Brave browser sells out its Basic Attention Token ICO, raising roughly $35 million in about 30 seconds — an emblem of 2017's ICO mania.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":2303.34,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":3095.1,"multiple":31.951,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — $35 Million in 30 Seconds: Token Sale for Brave Sells Out","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/05/31/35-million-in-30-seconds-token-sale-for-internet-browser-brave-sells-out","type":"news"},{"label":"TechCrunch — Brave raises $35M in under 30 seconds","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/01/brave-ico-35-million-30-seconds-brendan-eich/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/braves-bat-token-sale-raises-35m-in-30-seconds-2017"},{"id":"new-york-agreement-segwit2x-signed-2017","date":"2017-05-23","title":"New York Agreement (SegWit2x) signed","summary":"Convened by Barry Silbert's Digital Currency Group on the eve of Consensus 2017, some 58 companies and mining pools controlling roughly 80-85% of hashpower signed a closed-door pact to activate SegWit and then hard-fork to 2MB blocks within six months. The deal that was supposed to end the block-size war instead set up its final act, as the \"2x\" half collapsed six months later for lack of consensus.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":2272.58,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":3138.35,"multiple":32.383,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Magazine: Miners Signaling Support for the New York Agreement","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/miners-are-signaling-support-new-york-agreement-heres-what-means","type":"news"},{"label":"bitcoin-dev mailing list: Barry Silbert segwit agreement","url":"https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/2017-May/014360.html","type":"primary"},{"label":"Bitbo: What Was the New York Agreement?","url":"https://bitbo.io/calendar/ny-agreement/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/new-york-agreement-segwit2x-signed-2017"},{"id":"ethereum-name-service-eth-launches-on-ethereum-mainnet-2017","date":"2017-05-04","title":"Ethereum Name Service (.eth) launches on Ethereum mainnet","summary":"On May 4, 2017 — a date deliberately chosen for Star Wars Day — Nick Johnson and Alex Van de Sande of the Ethereum Foundation launched the Ethereum Name Service, mapping unwieldy hexadecimal addresses to human-readable .eth names. It went on to become Web3's default naming and on-chain identity layer, eventually spawning its own governance token and millions of registrations.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":1516.76,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":4752.05,"multiple":48.521,"links":[{"label":"What Is Ethereum Name Service? (ENS) | Kraken","url":"https://www.kraken.com/learn/what-is-ethereum-name-service-ens","type":"news"},{"label":"What is Ethereum Name Service (ENS)? | Binance Academy","url":"https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/what-is-ethereum-name-service-ens","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ethereum-name-service-eth-launches-on-ethereum-mainnet-2017"},{"id":"bitfinex-and-tether-sue-wells-fargo-over-wire-cutoff-2017","date":"2017-04-05","title":"Bitfinex and Tether sue Wells Fargo over wire cutoff","summary":"Bitfinex and Tether sue Wells Fargo after it stops processing their USD wires through Taiwanese correspondent banks — exposing the banking fragility that would shadow both for years.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":1129.87,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":6413.49,"multiple":65.135,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Bitfinex Sues Wells Fargo Over Bank Transfer Freeze","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/04/11/bitfinex-sues-wells-fargo-over-bank-transfer-freeze","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitfinex-and-tether-sue-wells-fargo-over-wire-cutoff-2017"},{"id":"japans-amended-payment-services-act-takes-effect-recognizing-bitcoin-as-a-legal-","date":"2017-04-01","title":"Japan's amended Payment Services Act takes effect, recognizing Bitcoin as a legal means of payment","summary":"On April 1, 2017, Japan's amended Payment Services Act came into force, classifying Bitcoin and other virtual currencies as a legal means of payment and requiring crypto exchanges to register with the Financial Services Agency. Japan thus became the first major economy to put a formal licensing regime around exchanges, briefly making it a regulated crypto hub. Notably, this recognized Bitcoin as legal property for payment, not as legal tender in the strict government-issued sense, a distinction the headlines mostly ignored.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":1086.12,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":6675.86,"multiple":67.759,"links":[{"label":"Library of Congress: Regulation of Cryptocurrency in Japan","url":"https://www.loc.gov/law/help/cryptocurrency/japan.php","type":"reference"},{"label":"Payment Services Act (English translation)","url":"https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/3965/en","type":"primary"},{"label":"How Japan Prepares to Recognize Bitcoin as Method of Payment on April 1","url":"https://news.bitcoin.com/japan-bitcoin-method-payment-april-1/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/japans-amended-payment-services-act-takes-effect-recognizing-bitcoin-as-a-legal-"},{"id":"sec-rejects-winklevoss-spot-bitcoin-etf-coin-2017","date":"2017-03-10","title":"SEC rejects Winklevoss spot Bitcoin ETF (COIN)","summary":"On March 10, 2017, the SEC disapproved the BATS BZX Exchange's proposed rule change to list the Winklevoss twins' COIN bitcoin ETF, citing the lack of regulated bitcoin markets and the absence of surveillance-sharing agreements to deter manipulation. The decision capped a nearly four-year quest begun in 2013 and established the market-manipulation rationale the SEC would recycle to reject spot bitcoin ETFs for the next seven years, until it was finally cornered into approving them in January 2024.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":1112.39,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":6515.85,"multiple":66.158,"links":[{"label":"SEC Order Disapproving BATS BZX Rule Change (Release No. 34-80206)","url":"https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro/batsbzx/2017/34-80206.pdf","type":"primary"},{"label":"SEC Rejects Winklevoss Bitcoin ETF Bid (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/03/10/sec-rejects-winklevoss-bitcoin-etf-bid","type":"news"},{"label":"SEC rejects bitcoin ETF application from Winklevoss twins (Washington Post) (archived)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/2017/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/get-there/wp/2017/03/10/sec-rejects-bitcoin-etf-application-from-winklevoss-twins/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/sec-rejects-winklevoss-spot-bitcoin-etf-coin-2017"},{"id":"bitcoins-price-passes-an-ounce-of-gold-for-the-first-time-2017","date":"2017-03-02","title":"Bitcoin's price passes an ounce of gold for the first time","summary":"Bitcoin rises above the spot price of one troy ounce of gold (both near $1,240) for the first time — an early, widely-covered 'digital gold' milestone.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":1255.47,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":5761.87,"multiple":58.619,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Price of Bitcoin Now Worth More Than One Ounce of Gold","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/03/02/the-price-of-bitcoin-is-now-worth-more-than-one-ounce-of-gold/","type":"news"},{"label":"TechCrunch — One bitcoin is now worth more than one ounce of gold","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/02/one-bitcoin-is-now-worth-more-than-one-ounce-of-gold/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoins-price-passes-an-ounce-of-gold-for-the-first-time-2017"},{"id":"zcash-mainnet-launches-2016","date":"2016-10-28","title":"Zcash mainnet launches","summary":"Zcash mines its genesis block — the first widely used cryptocurrency to deploy zk-SNARK zero-knowledge proofs for fully shielded transactions, putting privacy technology on the map.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":686.24,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":10624.24,"multiple":107.242,"links":[{"label":"Electric Coin Co. — Zcash Launch and Roadmap","url":"https://electriccoin.co/blog/zcash-launch-and-roadmap/","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/zcash-mainnet-launches-2016"},{"id":"segwit-ships-in-bitcoin-core-0-13-1-2016","date":"2016-10-27","title":"SegWit ships in Bitcoin Core 0.13.1","summary":"Bitcoin Core 0.13.1 ships Segregated Witness (BIP 141) — the soft fork that fixes transaction malleability and raises effective block capacity, and the flashpoint of the scaling wars. Signaling begins Nov 15, 2016; miner activation finally lands in August 2017.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":682.3,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":10686.16,"multiple":107.862,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Core — 0.13.1 release","url":"https://bitcoincore.org/en/2016/10/27/release-0.13.1/","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/segwit-ships-in-bitcoin-core-0-13-1-2016"},{"id":"bitfinex-hack","date":"2016-08-02","title":"Bitfinex hacked: 119,756 BTC stolen","summary":"Worth $72M at the time, $9B+ at peak prices. The DOJ recovers most of it in 2022 and arrests Heather Morgan ('Razzlekhan') and Ilya Lichtenstein. The largest financial-crime recovery in DOJ history.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":580,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":12588.62,"multiple":126.886,"links":[{"label":"2016 Bitfinex hack — Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Bitfinex_hack","type":"reference"},{"label":"CoinDesk: The Bitfinex Bitcoin Hack — What We Know (And Don't Know) (Aug 3, 2016)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2016/08/03/the-bitfinex-bitcoin-hack-what-we-know-and-dont-know","type":"news"},{"label":"Fortune: Bitcoin Worth $72M Was Stolen in Bitfinex Exchange Hack in Hong Kong (Aug 3, 2016)","url":"https://fortune.com/2016/08/03/bitcoin-stolen-bitfinex-hack-hong-kong/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitfinex-119k-btc-hack-2016"},{"id":"ethereum-dao-hard-fork-creates-ethereum-classic-2016","date":"2016-07-20","title":"Ethereum DAO hard fork creates Ethereum Classic","summary":"On July 20, 2016, at block 1,920,000, Ethereum executed a contentious hard fork to claw back the ~3.6M ETH drained in the DAO hack and refund holders. A minority who held that \"code is law\" refused to update and kept mining the un-forked chain, which became Ethereum Classic — proving that the cleanest way to settle a governance dispute is to have both sides win on separate ledgers.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":664.4,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":10976.76,"multiple":110.768,"links":[{"label":"Ethereum Foundation: Hard Fork Completed","url":"https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/07/20/hard-fork-completed","type":"primary"},{"label":"Ethereum Classic - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethereum_Classic","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ethereum-dao-hard-fork-creates-ethereum-classic-2016"},{"id":"halving-2","date":"2016-07-09","title":"Second halving (block 420,000)","summary":"Block reward drops 25 → 12.5 BTC. Block 420,000 contains the message 'Bitcoin is dead. Long live Bitcoin' as a coinbase tag. The 2017 bull run begins seven months later.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":657,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":11101.52,"multiple":112.015,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin block 420,000 — Blockchain.com Explorer (mined July 9, 2016; reward 25→12.5 BTC, F2Pool)","url":"https://www.blockchain.com/explorer/blocks/btc/420000","type":"primary"},{"label":"Controlled supply — Bitcoin Wiki (halving schedule; block 420,000 = 12.5 BTC, July 9 2016)","url":"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Controlled_supply","type":"reference"},{"label":"Will Bitcoin's Block Rewards Halving Bring Crisis or Consistency? — CoinDesk (June 2016)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2016/06/04/will-bitcoins-block-rewards-halving-bring-crisis-or-consistency/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/second-bitcoin-halving-2016"},{"id":"the-dao-is-drained-of-3-6m-eth-60m-via-reentrancy-exploit-2016","date":"2016-06-17","title":"The DAO is drained of ~3.6M ETH (~$60M) via reentrancy exploit","summary":"On June 17, 2016, an attacker exploited a reentrancy bug in The DAO's withdrawal logic, recursively draining roughly 3.6 million ETH (about $60M at the time) before balances updated. The resulting crisis split the community over whether to bail out the funds, ultimately forcing the hard fork that birthed Ethereum and Ethereum Classic. It remains the textbook case study for smart-contract security and the perils of \"code is law.\"","category":"hacks","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":743.9,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":9793,"multiple":98.93,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: How the DAO Hack Changed Ethereum and Crypto","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/consensus-magazine/2023/05/09/coindesk-turns-10-how-the-dao-hack-changed-ethereum-and-crypto","type":"news"},{"label":"Chainlink: Reentrancy Attacks and The DAO Hack Explained","url":"https://blog.chain.link/reentrancy-attacks-and-the-dao-hack/","type":"reference"},{"label":"Gemini Cryptopedia: The DAO Hack","url":"https://www.gemini.com/cryptopedia/the-dao-hack-makerdao","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/the-dao-is-drained-of-3-6m-eth-60m-via-reentrancy-exploit-2016"},{"id":"bitmex-launches-the-xbtusd-perpetual-swap-2016","date":"2016-05-13","title":"BitMEX launches the XBTUSD perpetual swap","summary":"On 13 May 2016, BitMEX listed XBTUSD, the first perpetual swap: a leveraged futures contract with no expiry, kept tethered to spot by a periodic funding payment between longs and shorts. The funding-rate design was promptly copied by essentially every other derivatives venue, and perpetuals went on to become the single most-traded instrument type in crypto. Not bad for a product that launched on a Friday the 13th.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":455.41,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":16059.94,"multiple":161.599,"links":[{"label":"BitMEX Blog: Announcing the Launch of the Perpetual XBTUSD Leveraged Swap (12 May 2016)","url":"https://www.bitmex.com/blog/announcing-the-launch-of-the-perpetual-xbtusd-leveraged-swap","type":"primary"},{"label":"BitMEX Blog: Five Years Ago, the Perpetual Swap Was Born","url":"https://blog.bitmex.com/five-years-ago-the-perpetual-swap-was-born-everything-changed/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitmex-launches-the-xbtusd-perpetual-swap-2016"},{"id":"ethereum-homestead-hard-fork-2016","date":"2016-03-14","title":"Ethereum Homestead hard fork","summary":"On March 14, 2016, at block 1,150,000, Ethereum activated its Homestead hard fork, the network's second major release and the point at which developers felt comfortable enough to delete the word \"safe\" from the website's beta disclaimers. It introduced protocol tweaks like the DELEGATECALL opcode and removed the \"canary contracts\" that had let the core team halt the chain, nudging Ethereum from cautious beta toward something resembling a production network.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":414.31,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":17663.03,"multiple":177.63,"links":[{"label":"Ethereum Foundation Blog: Homestead Release","url":"https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/02/29/homestead-release","type":"primary"},{"label":"MyCrypto: The History of Ethereum Hard Forks","url":"https://medium.com/mycrypto/the-history-of-ethereum-hard-forks-6a6dae76d56f","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ethereum-homestead-hard-fork-2016"},{"id":"lightning-network-whitepaper-published-2016","date":"2016-01-14","title":"Lightning Network whitepaper published","summary":"Joseph Poon and Thaddeus Dryja publish the Lightning Network paper, proposing a Layer-2 mesh of bidirectional payment channels for instant, low-fee, off-chain Bitcoin payments — the blueprint for Bitcoin scaling beyond the base layer.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":429.13,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":17049.58,"multiple":171.496,"links":[{"label":"Lightning Network whitepaper (PDF)","url":"https://lightning.network/lightning-network-paper.pdf","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/lightning-network-whitepaper-published-2016"},{"id":"the-economist-runs-the-trust-machine-cover-2015","date":"2015-10-31","title":"The Economist runs 'The Trust Machine' cover","summary":"The Economist's cover argues the blockchain behind Bitcoin could transform record-keeping far beyond currency — a high-water mark for mainstream institutional interest in the technology.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":311.24,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":23545.42,"multiple":236.454,"links":[{"label":"BitcoinTalk — [2015-10-31] The Economist: The trust machine","url":"https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1231678.0","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/the-economist-runs-the-trust-machine-cover-2015"},{"id":"gemini-exchange-launches-2015","date":"2015-10-08","title":"Gemini exchange launches","summary":"Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss open Gemini, a New York-chartered, NYDFS-regulated Bitcoin exchange — a compliance-first venue aimed squarely at institutional money.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":242.58,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":30238.03,"multiple":303.38,"links":[{"label":"PR Newswire — Gemini Receives License and Launches","url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/gemini----a-next-generation-bitcoin-exchange-founded-by-cameron--tyler-winklevoss----receives-license-and-launches-300153675.html","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/gemini-exchange-launches-2015"},{"id":"circle-granted-the-first-ny-bitlicense-2015","date":"2015-09-22","title":"Circle granted the first NY BitLicense","summary":"NYDFS issues its first BitLicense to Circle Internet Financial — the inaugural approval under the virtual-currency regime it had finalized that June.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":230.01,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":31896,"multiple":319.96,"links":[{"label":"NYDFS — First BitLicense Approval","url":"https://www.dfs.ny.gov/reports_and_publications/press_releases/pr1509221","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk — Circle Granted First BitLicense by NYDFS","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2015/09/22/circle-granted-first-bitlicense-by-nydfs","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/circle-granted-the-first-ny-bitlicense-2015"},{"id":"cftc-declares-bitcoin-a-commodity-2015","date":"2015-09-17","title":"CFTC declares Bitcoin a commodity","summary":"In its Coinflip settlement order, the US CFTC holds for the first time that Bitcoin and other virtual currencies are commodities under the Commodity Exchange Act — the classification that underpins later US crypto derivatives and enforcement.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":232.72,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":31523.41,"multiple":316.234,"links":[{"label":"CFTC — Coinflip Order (PDF)","url":"https://www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/idc/groups/public/@lrenforcementactions/documents/legalpleading/enfcoinfliprorder09172015.pdf","type":"primary"},{"label":"CFTC — Press Release 7231-15","url":"https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7231-15","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/cftc-declares-bitcoin-a-commodity-2015"},{"id":"bitcoin-xt","date":"2015-08-15","title":"Bitcoin XT released — block-size war begins","summary":"Mike Hearn and Gavin Andresen ship Bitcoin XT, a hard-fork client to lift the 1MB block-size cap. The community fractures. The next two years are spent in trench warfare over a single integer.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":280,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":26183.57,"multiple":262.836,"links":[{"label":"Mike Hearn — \"Why is Bitcoin forking?\" (primary, the Aug 2015 Bitcoin XT announcement/explainer by the author himself)","url":"https://medium.com/@octskyward/why-is-bitcoin-forking-d647312d22c1","type":"primary"},{"label":"Bitcoin Magazine — \"Bitcoin XT Big Block Fork Spurs Debate and Controversy\" (contemporary Aug 2015 reporting)","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/bitcoin-xt-big-block-fork-spurs-debate-controversy-1439839956","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia — Bitcoin XT / List of bitcoin forks (BIP 101, Aug 2015 release, block-size war)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_XT","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-xt-released-block-size-war-2015"},{"id":"ethereum-mainnet-launches-frontier-release-2015","date":"2015-07-30","title":"Ethereum mainnet launches (Frontier release)","summary":"On 30 July 2015, the Ethereum genesis block was mined, bringing the Frontier release of the network live and giving the world its first general-purpose, programmable smart-contract blockchain. It was a bare-bones, developer-oriented launch, but it seeded the entire smart-contract platform category and, eventually, an industry's worth of things to put on a timeline like this one.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":287.02,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":25540.72,"multiple":256.407,"links":[{"label":"Ethereum Foundation Blog: Ethereum Launches","url":"https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/07/30/ethereum-launches","type":"primary"},{"label":"CoinDesk: Ethereum Launches Long-Awaited Decentralized App Network","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2015/07/30/ethereum-launches-long-awaited-decentralized-app-network","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia: Ethereum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethereum","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ethereum-mainnet-launches-frontier-release-2015"},{"id":"new-york-finalizes-the-bitlicense-framework-2015","date":"2015-06-03","title":"New York finalizes the BitLicense framework","summary":"The NYDFS releases its final BitLicense rules — the first comprehensive US framework for regulating virtual-currency firms — capping a nearly two-year process and reshaping which companies could legally serve New Yorkers.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":225.59,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":32522.9,"multiple":326.229,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — New York Releases Final BitLicense","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2015/06/03/new-york-releases-final-bitlicense","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/new-york-finalizes-the-bitlicense-framework-2015"},{"id":"ross-ulbricht-sentenced-to-life-for-running-silk-road-2015","date":"2015-05-29","title":"Ross Ulbricht sentenced to life for running Silk Road","summary":"Silk Road founder Ross Ulbricht is sentenced in Manhattan federal court to life without parole, closing the saga of Bitcoin's first killer application.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":237.03,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":30948.39,"multiple":310.484,"links":[{"label":"DOJ SDNY — Ross Ulbricht Sentenced to Life","url":"https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/ross-ulbricht-aka-dread-pirate-roberts-sentenced-manhattan-federal-court-life-prison","type":"primary"},{"label":"NPR — Silk Road Founder Sentenced To Life In Prison","url":"https://www.npr.org/2015/05/29/410601330/silk-road-founder-sentenced-to-life-in-prison","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ross-ulbricht-sentenced-to-life-for-running-silk-road-2015"},{"id":"coinbase-launches-the-first-regulated-us-bitcoin-exchange-2015","date":"2015-01-26","title":"Coinbase launches the first regulated US Bitcoin exchange","summary":"Coinbase opens Coinbase Exchange, billed as the first licensed, regulated US Bitcoin exchange — live with approval across roughly two dozen states. A milestone in legitimizing US crypto trading.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":269.18,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":27240.07,"multiple":273.401,"links":[{"label":"Coinbase — Launches First Regulated Bitcoin Exchange in the U.S.","url":"https://www.coinbase.com/en-gb/blog/coinbase-launches-first-regulated-bitcoin-exchange-in-the-u-s","type":"primary"},{"label":"CNBC — Bitcoin gets first regulated US exchange","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2015/01/26/bitcoin-gets-first-regulated-us-exchange.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/coinbase-launches-the-first-regulated-us-bitcoin-exchange-2015"},{"id":"bitstamp-hacked-19-000-btc-stolen-2015","date":"2015-01-04","title":"Bitstamp hacked — ~19,000 BTC stolen","summary":"Following a weeks-long spear-phishing campaign against staff, attackers drain Bitstamp's hot wallets of 18,866 BTC (~$5M). The exchange suspends service and rebuilds on a new platform.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":264.72,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":27700.7,"multiple":278.007,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Bitstamp Claims $5 Million Lost in Hot Wallet Hack","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2015/01/05/bitstamp-claims-5-million-lost-in-hot-wallet-hack","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitstamp-hacked-19-000-btc-stolen-2015"},{"id":"microsoft-begins-accepting-bitcoin-2014","date":"2014-12-11","title":"Microsoft begins accepting Bitcoin","summary":"Microsoft starts accepting Bitcoin via BitPay for Windows, Xbox, and digital content in its US stores — among the largest companies yet to do so, a notable early corporate-adoption marker.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":347.68,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":21067.17,"multiple":211.672,"links":[{"label":"CNBC — Microsoft starts accepting bitcoin","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2014/12/11/microsoft-starts-accepting-bitcoin.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/microsoft-begins-accepting-bitcoin-2014"},{"id":"tether-originally-realcoin-issues-its-first-tokens-2014","date":"2014-10-06","title":"Tether (originally Realcoin) issues its first tokens","summary":"On October 6, 2014, the project then known as Realcoin issued its first dollar-pegged tokens on the Bitcoin blockchain via the Omni Layer, weeks before rebranding to Tether in November. The model it pioneered went on to become crypto's de facto settlement and liquidity layer, with USDT eventually exceeding $100 billion in circulation despite years of questions about its reserves.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":331.55,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":22096.95,"multiple":221.97,"links":[{"label":"Tether (cryptocurrency) - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tether_(cryptocurrency)","type":"reference"},{"label":"What is Tether and When Was the First USDT Token Issued?","url":"https://blog.zendwallet.com/what-is-tether-and-when-was-the-first-tether-usdt-token-issued/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/tether-originally-realcoin-issues-its-first-tokens-2014"},{"id":"ethereum-ico-crowdsale-begins-2014","date":"2014-07-22","title":"Ethereum ICO crowdsale begins","summary":"On July 22, 2014, Ethereum opened a 42-day public ether sale, pricing ETH at 2000 per BTC for the first two weeks before declining to 1337 per BTC (a number chosen with great seriousness). The sale ran through September 2 and pulled in roughly 31,500 BTC, about $18 million at the time, making it one of the largest crowdfunding events to date and the de facto template every subsequent ICO would copy.","category":"market","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":622.53,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":11721.76,"multiple":118.218,"links":[{"label":"Launching the Ether Sale | Ethereum Foundation Blog","url":"https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/07/22/launching-the-ether-sale","type":"primary"},{"label":"Sale of the Century: The Inside Story of Ethereum's 2014 Premine (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2020/07/11/sale-of-the-century-the-inside-story-of-ethereums-2014-premine","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/ethereum-ico-crowdsale-begins-2014"},{"id":"new-york-proposes-bitlicense-first-comprehensive-us-state-crypto-licensing-frame","date":"2014-07-17","title":"New York proposes BitLicense, first comprehensive US state crypto licensing framework","summary":"On July 17, 2014, NYDFS Superintendent Benjamin Lawsky unveiled the proposed BitLicense, the first comprehensive US state-level licensing regime for virtual currency businesses. It became the global template everyone copied and the cautionary tale everyone cited, prompting a wave of firms to simply stop serving New York rather than file the paperwork. The rules were finalized nearly a year later, on June 3, 2015.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":626.58,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":11645.35,"multiple":117.453,"links":[{"label":"NYDFS press release: Proposed BitLicense Regulatory Framework","url":"https://www.dfs.ny.gov/reports_and_publications/press_releases/pr1407171","type":"primary"},{"label":"BitLicense (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitLicense","type":"reference"},{"label":"New York Releases Final BitLicense (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2015/06/03/new-york-releases-final-bitlicense","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/new-york-proposes-bitlicense-first-comprehensive-us-state-crypto-licensing-frame"},{"id":"tim-draper-wins-the-us-marshals-silk-road-bitcoin-auction-2014","date":"2014-06-27","title":"Tim Draper wins the US Marshals Silk Road Bitcoin auction","summary":"Venture capitalist Tim Draper wins all 29,656 BTC seized from Silk Road in the first US Marshals auction — an early, visible bet by Silicon Valley on Bitcoin's future.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":602.23,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":12120.25,"multiple":122.202,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — VC Tim Draper Revealed as Silk Road Bitcoin Auction Winner","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2014/07/02/vc-tim-draper-revealed-as-silk-road-bitcoin-auction-winner","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/tim-draper-wins-the-us-marshals-silk-road-bitcoin-auction-2014"},{"id":"newsweek-outs-dorian-nakamoto-as-bitcoins-creator-2014","date":"2014-03-06","title":"Newsweek outs 'Dorian Nakamoto' as Bitcoin's creator","summary":"Newsweek's relaunch cover names California resident Dorian Satoshi Nakamoto as Bitcoin's inventor — a claim he flatly and repeatedly denies. The defining episode in the hunt for Satoshi's identity.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":648.26,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":11252.54,"multiple":113.525,"links":[{"label":"Newsweek — The Face Behind Bitcoin","url":"https://www.newsweek.com/2014/03/14/face-behind-bitcoin-247957.html","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/newsweek-outs-dorian-nakamoto-as-bitcoins-creator-2014"},{"id":"mt-gox-bankruptcy","date":"2014-02-28","title":"Mt. Gox files for bankruptcy","summary":"850,000 BTC missing. ~7% of all Bitcoin in existence at the time. Forbes obituary #4. The civil-rehabilitation distribution to creditors does not begin until 2024 — a decade later.","category":"collapse","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":560,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":13041.79,"multiple":131.418,"links":[{"label":"Mt. Gox — Wikipedia (covers the 28 February 2014 Tokyo bankruptcy filing, ~750k customer bitcoins lost, liabilities/assets)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._Gox","type":"reference"},{"label":"Duane Morris LLP Alert — \"Bitcoin Exchange Mt. Gox Files for Bankruptcy Protection\" (legal alert detailing the Feb 28, 2014 Tokyo filing, ~$64M liabilities, 850k BTC lost)","url":"https://www.duanemorris.com/alerts/bitcoin_exchange_mt._gox_files_for_bankruptcy_5143.html","type":"reference"},{"label":"Bitcoin Magazine — \"700,000 Bitcoin Lost: Learning From The Fall Of Mt. Gox\" (covers the Feb 2014 bankruptcy and 744k stolen BTC)","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/mt-gox-bitcoin-hack-teaches-us-today","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/mt-gox-bankruptcy-2014"},{"id":"mt-gox-halt","date":"2014-02-07","title":"Mt. Gox halts withdrawals","summary":"Karpeles cites 'transaction malleability' bugs. Three weeks later the exchange is in bankruptcy and 850,000 BTC are unaccounted for.","category":"collapse","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":720,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":10121.39,"multiple":102.214,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Mt. Gox Halts ALL Bitcoin Withdrawals, Price Drop Follows (Feb 7, 2014)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2014/02/07/mt-gox-halts-all-bitcoin-withdrawals-price-drop-follows","type":"news"},{"label":"Mt. Gox — Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._Gox","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/mt-gox-halts-withdrawals-2014"},{"id":"overstock-becomes-the-first-major-retailer-to-accept-bitcoin-2014","date":"2014-01-09","title":"Overstock becomes the first major retailer to accept Bitcoin","summary":"Overstock.com begins accepting Bitcoin via Coinbase, the first large mainstream online retailer to do so — taking roughly $126,000 in BTC orders on day one.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":936.95,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":7754.63,"multiple":78.546,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Overstock.com Becomes First Major Retailer to Accept Bitcoins","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2014/01/09/overstockcom-becomes-first-major-retailer-to-accept-bitcoins","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/overstock-becomes-the-first-major-retailer-to-accept-bitcoin-2014"},{"id":"coinbase-raises-25m-led-by-andreessen-horowitz-2013","date":"2013-12-12","title":"Coinbase raises $25M led by Andreessen Horowitz","summary":"Coinbase closes a $25M round led by a16z (with USV and Ribbit) — the largest VC investment in a Bitcoin company to date, and a marquee signal of Silicon Valley's conviction in crypto infrastructure.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":899.98,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":8077.29,"multiple":81.773,"links":[{"label":"Coinbase — Raises $25M from Andreessen Horowitz","url":"https://www.coinbase.com/blog/coinbase-raises-usd25-million-from-andreessen-horowitz","type":"primary"},{"label":"TechCrunch — Coinbase Raises $25M led by a16z","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2013/12/12/coinbase-raises-25m-from-andreessen-horowitz-to-build-its-bitcoin-wallet-and-merchant-services/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/coinbase-raises-25m-led-by-andreessen-horowitz-2013"},{"id":"dogecoin-launched-as-a-joke-cryptocurrency-2013","date":"2013-12-06","title":"Dogecoin launched as a joke cryptocurrency","summary":"On December 6, 2013, software engineers Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer launched Dogecoin, a Litecoin fork built around the Shiba Inu \"Doge\" meme, explicitly as a parody of the crypto industry's self-seriousness. The joke aged into a multibillion-dollar asset and the template for every memecoin that followed, which is either a triumph of internet culture or a cautionary tale, depending on whom you ask.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":845.02,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":8609.14,"multiple":87.091,"links":[{"label":"Dogecoin - Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogecoin","type":"reference"},{"label":"The History of Dogecoin - Dogecoin.com","url":"https://dogecoin.com/dogepedia/articles/history-of-dogecoin/","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/dogecoin-launched-as-a-joke-cryptocurrency-2013"},{"id":"china-pboc-2013","date":"2013-12-05","title":"China's PBOC bans financial institutions from BTC","summary":"First state-level prohibition by a major economy. Prefigures a decade of recurring China bans, each treated as terminal by the press, none of which were.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":1090,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":6651.74,"multiple":67.517,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: China Bans Payment Companies from Working With Bitcoin Exchanges (Dec 16, 2013) — references the Dec 5 PBOC notice barring banks from Bitcoin","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/12/16/china-bans-payment-companies-from-working-with-bitcoin-exchanges-sources-claim/","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia: Legality of cryptocurrency by country or territory — 'On 5 December 2013, PBOC... prohibiting financial institutions from handling bitcoin transactions'","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_cryptocurrency_by_country_or_territory","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/china-pboc-bans-financial-institutions-bitcoin-2013"},{"id":"btc-1000","date":"2013-11-29","title":"BTC crosses $1,000 for the first time","summary":"Mt. Gox prints $1,242 at peak. Major media goes from 'curiosity' to 'phenomenon' overnight. Within two weeks, the PBOC bans financial institutions from touching it.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":1075,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":6745.95,"multiple":68.46,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: Bitcoin Price Hits $1,000 After Doubling in 7 Days. What Next? (Nov 27, 2013)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/11/27/bitcoin-price-hits-1000-after-doubling-in-7-days-what-next","type":"news"},{"label":"CoinDesk: One Bitcoin Was Worth More Than an Ounce of Gold Today (Nov 29, 2013 — peaked $1,242 on Mt. Gox)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/11/29/one-bitcoin-was-worth-more-than-an-ounce-of-gold-today","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia: History of bitcoin (notes Bitcoin passed US$1,000 in late November 2013 at Mt. Gox)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bitcoin","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-crosses-1000-first-time-2013"},{"id":"first-us-senate-hearing-on-bitcoin-2013","date":"2013-11-18","title":"First US Senate hearing on Bitcoin","summary":"The Senate Homeland Security Committee holds 'Beyond Silk Road: Potential Risks, Threats, and Promises of Virtual Currencies' — the first US congressional hearing on Bitcoin, broadly seen as legitimizing it and fueling the late-2013 rally.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":785.43,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":9269.9,"multiple":93.699,"links":[{"label":"US Senate HSGAC — hearing page","url":"https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/hearings/beyond-silk-road-potential-risks-threats-and-promises-of-virtual-currencies/","type":"primary"},{"label":"govinfo — hearing record","url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-113shrg86636/html/CHRG-113shrg86636.htm","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/first-us-senate-hearing-on-bitcoin-2013"},{"id":"vitalik-buterin-circulates-the-ethereum-whitepaper-2013","date":"2013-11-01","title":"Vitalik Buterin circulates the Ethereum whitepaper","summary":"Vitalik Buterin shares the first draft of the Ethereum whitepaper, proposing a blockchain with a built-in Turing-complete smart-contract language — the origin of programmable money. Only the month (November 2013) is reliably documented.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":213.43,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":34381.56,"multiple":344.816,"links":[{"label":"ethereum.org — whitepaper date discussion (GitHub)","url":"https://github.com/ethereum/ethereum-org-website/issues/5469","type":"primary"},{"label":"NFX — The Founders' List: The Ethereum Whitepaper","url":"https://www.nfx.com/post/the-founders-list-the-ethereum-whitepaper","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/vitalik-buterin-circulates-the-ethereum-whitepaper-2013"},{"id":"worlds-first-bitcoin-atm-opens-in-vancouver-2013","date":"2013-10-29","title":"World's first Bitcoin ATM opens in Vancouver","summary":"On 29 October 2013, a Robocoin kiosk operated by Bitcoiniacs went live at the Waves Coffee House in downtown Vancouver, becoming the first machine to let ordinary people swap physical cash for Bitcoin and back. It reportedly cleared over CAD $10,000 across 81 transactions on its first day, kicking off a global ATM industry that now spans tens of thousands of units.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":216,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":33971.3,"multiple":340.713,"links":[{"label":"Robocoin launches bitcoin ATM in Vancouver (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/10/30/robocoin-launches-bitcoin-atm-in-vancouver","type":"news"},{"label":"World's first bitcoin ATM opens in Vancouver (CBC News)","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/world-s-first-bitcoin-atm-opens-in-vancouver-1.2286877","type":"news"},{"label":"World's First Bitcoin ATM Launched in Canada (TIME) (archived)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/2013/https://business.time.com/2013/10/30/worlds-first-bitcoin-atm-launched-in-canada/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/worlds-first-bitcoin-atm-opens-in-vancouver-2013"},{"id":"silk-road-seized","date":"2013-10-02","title":"Silk Road seized; Ross Ulbricht arrested","summary":"FBI takes down the dark-net marketplace and confiscates ~144,000 BTC. Removes Bitcoin's biggest 'real-world utility' narrative — but the price more than doubles in the next eight weeks anyway.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":130,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":56510.77,"multiple":566.108,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Silk Road shut down and 'owner' Ross William Ulbricht arrested (Oct 2, 2013)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/10/02/silk-road-shut-down-and-owner-ross-william-ulbricht-arrested","type":"news"},{"label":"Wikipedia — Silk Road (marketplace)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road_(marketplace)","type":"reference"},{"label":"Wikipedia — Ross Ulbricht","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Ulbricht","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/silk-road-seized-fbi-2013"},{"id":"grayscale-launches-the-bitcoin-investment-trust-later-gbtc-2013","date":"2013-09-25","title":"Grayscale launches the Bitcoin Investment Trust (later GBTC)","summary":"On September 25, 2013, Grayscale's Bitcoin Investment Trust commenced operations as a private placement for accredited investors, becoming the first dedicated bitcoin investment vehicle of its kind in the US. It later began over-the-counter trading as GBTC in 2015 and served as the dominant institutional on-ramp for a decade, eventually converting into a spot Bitcoin ETF in January 2024 — typically trading at whatever premium or discount to NAV the mood of the day allowed.","category":"institutional","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":135.01,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":54410.04,"multiple":545.1,"links":[{"label":"Grayscale Investments (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grayscale_Investments","type":"reference"},{"label":"What Is GBTC? From Trust to Spot Bitcoin ETF (CoinGecko)","url":"https://www.coingecko.com/learn/what-is-gbtc-grayscale-spot-bitcoin-etf","type":"news"},{"label":"The Grayscale Bitcoin Trust: What It Is and How It Works (CoinDesk)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2021/02/10/the-grayscale-bitcoin-trust-what-it-is-and-how-it-works","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/grayscale-launches-the-bitcoin-investment-trust-later-gbtc-2013"},{"id":"germany-recognizes-bitcoin-as-private-money-2013","date":"2013-08-19","title":"Germany recognizes Bitcoin as 'private money'","summary":"Germany's Finance Ministry classifies Bitcoin as a 'unit of account' and financial instrument — the first national government to grant Bitcoin a defined legal and tax status.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":118.5,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":62004.64,"multiple":621.046,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Germany officially recognises bitcoin as 'private money'","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/08/19/germany-officially-recognises-bitcoin-as-private-money","type":"news"},{"label":"CNBC — Bitcoin recognized by Germany as 'private money'","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2013/08/19/bitcoin-recognized-by-germany-as-private-money.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/germany-recognizes-bitcoin-as-private-money-2013"},{"id":"us-court-rules-bitcoin-is-money-2013","date":"2013-08-06","title":"US court rules Bitcoin is 'money'","summary":"In SEC v. Shavers, a federal magistrate rules that Bitcoin is a currency or form of money and that BTC-denominated investments are securities — the first US court ruling on Bitcoin's legal status.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":106.56,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":68963.44,"multiple":690.634,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — US judge rules bitcoin 'is a currency or form of money'","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/08/07/us-judge-rules-bitcoin-is-a-currency-or-form-of-money","type":"news"},{"label":"SEC — Press release 2013-132","url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2013-132","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/us-court-rules-bitcoin-is-money-2013"},{"id":"mastercoin-holds-the-first-ico-2013","date":"2013-07-31","title":"Mastercoin holds the first ICO","summary":"J.R. Willett's month-long Mastercoin crowdsale collects ~5,000 BTC — regarded as the first initial coin offering, originating the token-sale model that would define the 2017 boom.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":106.21,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":69191.03,"multiple":692.91,"links":[{"label":"Omni Foundation — A Brief History of Mastercoin","url":"https://omnifoundation.wordpress.com/2013/11/29/a-brief-history-of-mastercoin/","type":"primary"},{"label":"Cointelegraph — J.R. Willett launched the first ICO (archived)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/2013/https://cointelegraph.com/magazine/jr-willett-launched-first-ico-but-still-has-day-job/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/mastercoin-holds-the-first-ico-2013"},{"id":"us-seizes-mt-goxs-dwolla-account-2013","date":"2013-05-14","title":"US seizes Mt. Gox's Dwolla account","summary":"Homeland Security seizes the Dwolla account of Mt. Gox's US subsidiary for operating as an unlicensed money transmitter — the first major US enforcement action against a Bitcoin exchange, and the start of the regulatory squeeze that helped doom Mt. Gox.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":111.4,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":65962.84,"multiple":660.628,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk — Why are the feds seizing Mt. Gox and Dwolla funds?","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/05/15/why-are-the-feds-seizing-mt-gox-and-dwolla-funds","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/us-seizes-mt-goxs-dwolla-account-2013"},{"id":"first-bubble-266","date":"2013-04-10","title":"First major bubble: $266 then crash","summary":"Mt. Gox runs hot, can't keep up with order flow, halts trading for hours. Price drops from $266 to $50 within 48 hours. Forbes writes its second obituary in two years.","category":"market","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":230,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":31897.39,"multiple":319.974,"links":[{"label":"The Bitcoin Crash: An Examination — Bitcoin Magazine (contemporaneous April 2013 analysis of the $266 peak and crash to ~$100)","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/the-bitcoin-crash-an-examination-1365911041","type":"news"},{"label":"History of bitcoin — Wikipedia (documents April 2013 drop from $266)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bitcoin","type":"reference"},{"label":"April 2013 bubble — Bitcoin Wiki (event-specific page; $266 all-time high on Mt. Gox then swift crash)","url":"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/April_2013_bubble","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-first-bubble-266-2013"},{"id":"cyprus-bailout-seizes-uninsured-deposits-igniting-bitcoins-first-safe-haven-rall","date":"2013-03-25","title":"Cyprus bailout seizes uninsured deposits, igniting Bitcoin's first safe-haven rally","summary":"On 25 March 2013 the Eurogroup finalized a €10bn Cyprus bailout that closed Laiki Bank and confiscated a large share of uninsured deposits (roughly 48% at Bank of Cyprus), after an earlier levy-on-all-depositors plan was voted down on 19 March. As savers contemplated the novelty of their bank balances simply vanishing, Bitcoin ran from roughly $47 in mid-March to about $92 by 28 March, and the \"digital gold / escape from bank confiscation\" narrative was duly born.","category":"market","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":73.8,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":99620.87,"multiple":997.209,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin prices surge post-Cyprus bailout (CNN Money) (archived)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/2013/https://money.cnn.com/2013/03/28/investing/bitcoin-cyprus/index.html","type":"news"},{"label":"2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Cypriot_financial_crisis","type":"reference"},{"label":"Bitcoin Bonanza: Cyprus Crisis Boosts Digital Dollars (CNBC)","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2013/03/27/bitcoin-bonanza-cyprus-crisis-boosts-digital-dollars.html","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/cyprus-bailout-seizes-uninsured-deposits-igniting-bitcoins-first-safe-haven-rall"},{"id":"fincen-issues-the-first-us-virtual-currency-guidance-2013","date":"2013-03-18","title":"FinCEN issues the first US virtual-currency guidance","summary":"FinCEN publishes FIN-2013-G001, ruling that administrators and exchangers of convertible virtual currency are money transmitters under US law — the compliance regime every US exchange still operates under.","category":"regulatory","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":51.6,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":142524.03,"multiple":1426.24,"links":[{"label":"FinCEN — FIN-2013-G001 (PDF)","url":"https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/shared/FIN-2013-G001.pdf","type":"primary"},{"label":"FinCEN news release","url":"https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/fincen-issues-guidance-virtual-currencies-and-regulatory-responsibilities","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/fincen-issues-the-first-us-virtual-currency-guidance-2013"},{"id":"bitcoin-v0-8-accidental-chain-fork-2013","date":"2013-03-12","title":"Bitcoin v0.8 accidental chain fork","summary":"An oversized block (225430) exposed a quiet incompatibility between v0.8's new LevelDB backend and the old BerkeleyDB lock limits in v0.7, splitting the network into two chains for roughly six hours. The fix was almost comically low-tech: major mining pools manually downgraded to v0.7 to abandon the longer chain, and the incident was canonized as BIP 50. It remains the textbook case that an unplanned consensus failure could be coordinated away by a handful of people on IRC.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":44.29,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":166063.92,"multiple":1661.639,"links":[{"label":"BIP 50: March 2013 Chain Fork Post-Mortem","url":"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/BIP_0050","type":"primary"},{"label":"Bitcoin.org chain fork alert","url":"https://bitcoin.org/en/alert/2013-03-11-chain-fork","type":"primary"},{"label":"Bitcoin Magazine: Bitcoin Network Shaken By Blockchain Fork","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/bitcoin-network-shaken-by-blockchain-fork-1363144448","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-v0-8-accidental-chain-fork-2013"},{"id":"first-consumer-bitcoin-asic-ships-avalon-2013","date":"2013-01-19","title":"First consumer Bitcoin ASIC ships (Avalon)","summary":"Avalon ships the first batch of consumer ASIC miners, beginning Bitcoin mining's shift from GPUs to purpose-built silicon — a step-change in hash rate, network security, and mining economics.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":15.62,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":471052.37,"multiple":4711.524,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Magazine — Avalon Ships Bitcoin's First Consumer ASICs","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/avalon-ships-bitcoins-first-consumer-asics-1358905223","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/first-consumer-bitcoin-asic-ships-avalon-2013"},{"id":"halving-1","date":"2012-11-28","title":"First halving (block 210,000)","summary":"Block reward drops from 50 BTC to 25 BTC. The first programmed supply-shock event. The 2013 bull run starts months later.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":12.5,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":588652,"multiple":5887.52,"links":[{"label":"Blockchain.com Explorer — Bitcoin Block 210,000 (mined Nov 28, 2012, first halving)","url":"https://www.blockchain.com/explorer/blocks/btc/210000","type":"primary"},{"label":"Bitcoin Wiki — Halving day 2012","url":"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Halving_day_2012","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/first-bitcoin-halving-2012"},{"id":"bitcoin-foundation","date":"2012-09-27","title":"Bitcoin Foundation established","summary":"Gavin Andresen, Jon Matonis, Charlie Shrem, and others form the first formal Bitcoin advocacy org. Funded by the community; later collapses in financial mismanagement and political infighting. The lesson — Bitcoin doesn't need a foundation — is now folklore.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":12.4,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":593400,"multiple":5935,"links":[{"label":"[ANN] Bitcoin Foundation — original announcement by Gavin Andresen, Bitcointalk (Sept 27, 2012)","url":"https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=113400.0","type":"primary"},{"label":"Bitcoin Foundation — Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_Foundation","type":"reference"},{"label":"Bitcoin Foundation — Bitcoin Wiki (en.bitcoin.it)","url":"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Bitcoin_Foundation","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-foundation-established-2012"},{"id":"peercoin-launches-first-proof-of-stake-cryptocurrency-2012","date":"2012-08-19","title":"Peercoin launches — first proof-of-stake cryptocurrency","summary":"Sunny King and Scott Nadal launch Peercoin (PPCoin), the first cryptocurrency to use proof-of-stake — the consensus model Ethereum and much of the market would eventually adopt.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":8,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":919825,"multiple":9199.25,"links":[{"label":"PPCoin whitepaper (King & Nadal)","url":"https://decred.org/research/king2012.pdf","type":"primary"},{"label":"Wikipedia — Peercoin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peercoin","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/peercoin-launches-first-proof-of-stake-cryptocurrency-2012"},{"id":"coinbase-founded-2012","date":"2012-06-01","title":"Coinbase founded","summary":"Brian Armstrong founds Coinbase (Fred Ehrsam joins shortly after) out of Y Combinator's Summer 2012 batch — the consumer fiat on-ramp that becomes the most important gateway between traditional banking and Bitcoin. (Founding month confirmed; exact day undocumented.)","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":5.28,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1393725.76,"multiple":13938.258,"links":[{"label":"Wikipedia — Coinbase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinbase","type":"reference"},{"label":"Y Combinator — Coinbase company profile","url":"https://www.ycombinator.com/companies/coinbase","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/coinbase-founded-2012"},{"id":"bitcoin-magazine-publishes-its-first-issue-2012","date":"2012-05-01","title":"Bitcoin Magazine publishes its first issue","summary":"Mihai Alisie and Vitalik Buterin ship the first issue of Bitcoin Magazine — one of the earliest dedicated publications, and an early venture for Ethereum's eventual creator. (Month confirmed; print date approximate.)","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":5,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1471780,"multiple":14718.8,"links":[{"label":"Wikipedia — Bitcoin Magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_Magazine","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-magazine-publishes-its-first-issue-2012"},{"id":"satoshidice-launches-2012","date":"2012-04-24","title":"SatoshiDice launches","summary":"Erik Voorhees launches SatoshiDice, a provably-fair betting site that at its peak accounts for roughly half of all Bitcoin transactions — the first 'dApp' hit, and the opening shot in the blockchain-spam debate.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":5.1,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1442919.61,"multiple":14430.196,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Wiki — Satoshi Dice","url":"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Satoshi_Dice","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/satoshidice-launches-2012"},{"id":"linode-breach-drains-46-000-btc-bitcoinica-2012","date":"2012-03-01","title":"Linode breach drains ~46,000 BTC (Bitcoinica)","summary":"An attacker compromises hosting provider Linode and empties hosted wallets — roughly 46,000 BTC total, ~43,000 of it from the Bitcoinica trading platform. One of the earliest large-scale thefts and an early lesson in hot-wallet custody.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":4.92,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1495713.01,"multiple":14958.13,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Magazine — The Bitcoinica Linode Theft","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/the-bitcoinica-linode-theft-and-what-it-means-for-bitcoin-1330805009","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/linode-breach-drains-46-000-btc-bitcoinica-2012"},{"id":"litecoin-launches-silver-to-bitcoins-gold-2011","date":"2011-10-13","title":"Litecoin launches — 'silver to Bitcoin's gold'","summary":"Charlie Lee's Litecoin goes live: a Scrypt-based fork with 2.5-minute blocks and an 84M cap. The first altcoin to matter at scale, and the template for the entire altcoin market that follows.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":4.05,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1817035.8,"multiple":18171.358,"links":[{"label":"Wikipedia — Litecoin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litecoin","type":"reference"},{"label":"Litecoin.com — Litecoin's 12th Birthday deep dive","url":"https://litecoin.com/news/deep-dive-to-celebrate-litecoins-12th-birthday","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/litecoin-launches-silver-to-bitcoins-gold-2011"},{"id":"bitstamp-exchange-founded-2011","date":"2011-08-01","title":"Bitstamp exchange founded","summary":"Nejc Kodric and Damijan Merlak found Bitstamp in Slovenia as a European fiat-to-BTC exchange — the venue that becomes a leading alternative to Mt. Gox. (Founding month confirmed; exact day undocumented.)","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":13.09,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":562115.43,"multiple":5622.154,"links":[{"label":"Wikipedia — Bitstamp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitstamp","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitstamp-exchange-founded-2011"},{"id":"mt-gox-flash-crash","date":"2011-06-19","title":"Mt. Gox database leak; price flash-crashes to $0.01","summary":"A leaked user database lets attackers dump stolen coins. The Mt. Gox order book briefly prints $0.01. Trades are rolled back, but the trust never fully comes back.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":17.5,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":420437.14,"multiple":4205.371,"links":[{"label":"BitMEX Research — The June 2011 Bitcoin Flash Crash (detailed primary analysis: Mt. Gox database leak, price drop to $0.01)","url":"https://www.bitmex.com/blog/the-june-2011-bitcoin-flash-crash","type":"primary"},{"label":"Mt. Gox — Wikipedia (documents June 19, 2011 user-database leak and fraudulent crash to one cent)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._Gox","type":"reference"},{"label":"U.Today / TradingView — Bitcoin Crashed From $17 to $0.01 (June 19, 2011 Mt. Gox flash crash)","url":"https://www.tradingview.com/news/u_today:73be1a13a094b:0-bitcoin-crashed-from-17-to-0-01-14-years-ago-today/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/mt-gox-database-leak-flash-crash-2011"},{"id":"wikileaks-btc","date":"2011-06-14","title":"WikiLeaks accepts Bitcoin","summary":"After Visa, Mastercard, and PayPal blockade WikiLeaks donations, Julian Assange's outfit turns to Bitcoin. The first geopolitically significant use of the network.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":18,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":408755.56,"multiple":4088.556,"links":[{"label":"CoinDesk: Assange — Bitcoin and WikiLeaks Helped Keep Each Other Alive (covers WikiLeaks opening to Bitcoin donations in June 2011 amid the US banking blockade)","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2014/09/16/assange-bitcoin-and-wikileaks-helped-keep-each-other-alive","type":"news"},{"label":"Nonprofit Quarterly: WikiLeaks on a Bitcoin Raising Campaign (June 2011 launch of Bitcoin fundraising after VISA/Mastercard/BofA/PayPal blockade)","url":"https://nonprofitquarterly.org/wikileaks-on-a-bitcoin-raising-campaign/","type":"news"},{"label":"Bitbo Bitcoin History: WikiLeaks Bypasses Sanctions Using Bitcoin (dated June 14, 2011 reference entry)","url":"https://bitbo.io/calendar/wikileaks-bypasses-sanctions/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/wikileaks-accepts-bitcoin-2011"},{"id":"mt-gox-first-hack","date":"2011-06-13","title":"First major Mt. Gox security breach","summary":"An attacker drains 25,000 BTC from a single user's account using a stolen credential — small in coin terms, large in foreshadowing. Six days later the exchange's price would briefly print one cent.","category":"hacks","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":18,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":408755.56,"multiple":4088.556,"links":[{"label":"BitMEX Research — The June 2011 Bitcoin Flash Crash (MtGox $32 to $0.01)","url":"https://www.bitmex.com/blog/the-june-2011-bitcoin-flash-crash","type":"reference"},{"label":"Mt. Gox — Wikipedia (2011 Security issues section)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._Gox","type":"reference"},{"label":"MtGox — Bitcoin Wiki (Trading incidents, June 2011)","url":"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/MtGox","type":"primary"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/mt-gox-first-hack-2011"},{"id":"bitcoins-first-bubble-peaks-near-31-2011","date":"2011-06-08","title":"Bitcoin's first bubble peaks near $31","summary":"Fueled by Adrian Chen's June 1 Gawker piece on Silk Road and the mainstream coverage that followed, BTC spikes to an all-time high around $31.91 before collapsing toward ~$2 over the next five months. Bitcoin's first true mania-and-crash cycle.","category":"market","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":29.6,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":248528.38,"multiple":2486.284,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Magazine — Anniversary of the Great Bubble of 2011","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/anniversary-of-the-great-bubble-of-2011-1339139269","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoins-first-bubble-peaks-near-31-2011"},{"id":"bitpay-founded-2011","date":"2011-05-01","title":"BitPay founded","summary":"Tony Gallippi and Stephen Pair found BitPay, the first dedicated Bitcoin payment processor for merchants. (Founding month confirmed; exact day undocumented.)","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":3.03,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":2428744.88,"multiple":24288.449,"links":[{"label":"Wikipedia — BitPay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitPay","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitpay-founded-2011"},{"id":"satoshi-last-email","date":"2011-04-23","title":"Satoshi's last known communication","summary":"In a final email to Mike Hearn, Satoshi writes: 'I've moved on to other things. It's in good hands with Gavin and everyone.' That was it.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":1.5,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":4906166.67,"multiple":49062.667,"links":[{"label":"Satoshi Nakamoto — Wikipedia (documents his 2011 email to Mike Hearn: 'moved on to other things,' his last known communication)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satoshi_Nakamoto","type":"reference"},{"label":"Cointelegraph: 'I've moved on to other things' — Satoshi Nakamoto's final email (April 23, 2011) revisited","url":"https://www.tradingview.com/news/cointelegraph:c38a347b3094b:0-i-ve-moved-on-to-other-things-satoshi-nakamoto-s-final-email-revisited-after-13-years/","type":"news"},{"label":"The Cryptonomist: Bitcoin — Satoshi Nakamoto and the last emails (April 23/26, 2011 to Hearn and Andresen)","url":"https://en.cryptonomist.ch/2023/04/25/bitcoin-satoshi-nakamoto-last-emails/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/satoshi-last-known-email-2011"},{"id":"namecoin-launches-first-altcoin-and-first-merge-mined-fork-2011","date":"2011-04-18","title":"Namecoin launches — first altcoin and first merge-mined fork","summary":"Namecoin mines its genesis block as the first fork of Bitcoin's codebase — a decentralized DNS/identity system that later pioneers merged mining. The first 'altcoin'.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":1.16,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":6344210.34,"multiple":63443.103,"links":[{"label":"Princeton — Empirical study of Namecoin (PDF)","url":"https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~arvindn/publications/namespaces.pdf","type":"reference"},{"label":"Cryptonews — First altcoin Namecoin anniversary","url":"https://www.cryptonews.net/news/altcoins/30834826/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/namecoin-launches-first-altcoin-and-first-merge-mined-fork-2011"},{"id":"btc-usd-parity","date":"2011-02-09","title":"BTC reaches parity with the US dollar","summary":"1 BTC = $1.00 on Mt. Gox. The first time the network's coin matched the unit of account it would later try to obsolete.","category":"market","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":1,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":7359300,"multiple":73594,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Wiki — 2011 timeline (Feb 9: dollar parity on Mt. 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Exact launch day is undocumented; sources confirm February 2011.","category":"culture","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":0.7077,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":10398939.14,"multiple":103990.391,"links":[{"label":"Wikipedia — Silk Road (marketplace)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road_(marketplace)","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/silk-road-darknet-market-launches-2011"},{"id":"satoshi-last-post","date":"2010-12-12","title":"Satoshi's last public forum post","summary":"A short note about a DoS-resistance change. Satoshi never posts publicly again. The handover to Gavin Andresen begins quietly over the following months.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":0.21,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":35044661.9,"multiple":350447.619,"links":[{"label":"Satoshi Nakamoto, \"Added some DoS limits, removed safe mode (0.3.19)\" — original Bitcointalk post (Dec 12, 2010), his last public forum message","url":"https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=2228.msg29479","type":"primary"},{"label":"Satoshi Nakamoto Institute — archived copy of Satoshi's final forum post (0.3.19), dated Dec 12, 2010 18:22:33 UTC","url":"https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/posts/bitcointalk/543/","type":"reference"},{"label":"Bitcoin.com News — \"Satoshi Walked Away 15 Years Ago — The 575th Forum Post Marked the Moment\" (covers the Dec 12, 2010 last post)","url":"https://news.bitcoin.com/satoshi-walked-away-15-years-ago-the-575th-forum-post-marked-the-moment-bitcoin-stood-on-its-own/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/satoshi-last-public-forum-post-2010"},{"id":"first-bitcoin-mining-pool-launches-slush-pool-2010","date":"2010-11-27","title":"First Bitcoin mining pool launches (Slush Pool)","summary":"Marek 'Slush' Palatinus announces the first public mining pool — the 'Bitcoin Pooled Mining Server', later Slush Pool — letting small miners combine hash power and share rewards, the model that comes to dominate Bitcoin mining.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":0.283,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":26004847,"multiple":260049.47,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Wiki — Slush Pool","url":"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Slush_Pool","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/first-bitcoin-mining-pool-launches-slush-pool-2010"},{"id":"value-overflow","date":"2010-08-15","title":"184 billion BTC value-overflow exploit","summary":"An attacker exploits an integer-overflow bug to mint 184,467,440,737 BTC in block 74,638. Satoshi releases v0.3.10 within hours; the chain is forked back. The first and last time the supply cap was ever broken.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":0.07,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":105134185.71,"multiple":1051342.857,"links":[{"label":"Value overflow incident - Bitcoin Wiki (canonical technical reference)","url":"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Value_overflow_incident","type":"primary"},{"label":"The Day Someone Created 184 Billion Bitcoin - Decrypt","url":"https://decrypt.co/39750/184-billion-bitcoin-anonymous-creator","type":"news"},{"label":"15 Years Since Bitcoin's Infamous Bug That Created 184 Billion BTC - TokenPost","url":"https://tokenpost.com/news/insights/14634","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-value-overflow-incident-2010"},{"id":"mt-gox-launch","date":"2010-07-17","title":"Mt. Gox launches","summary":"Jed McCaleb launches the first dominant Bitcoin exchange — built on a domain originally meant for trading Magic: The Gathering Online cards. McCaleb sells it to Mark Karpeles in 2011. The trajectory from there is well known.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":0.05,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":147187900,"multiple":1471880,"links":[{"label":"Mt. Gox — Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._Gox","type":"reference"},{"label":"10 Years Ago: First Bitcoin Trade on Mt. Gox For $0.05 Per BTC (CryptoPotato)","url":"https://cryptopotato.com/10-years-ago-first-bitcoin-trade-on-mt-gox-for-0-05-per-btc/","type":"news"},{"label":"A brief history of Mt. Gox, the $3B Bitcoin tragedy that just won't end (The Next Web)","url":"https://thenextweb.com/news/a-brief-history-of-mt-gox-the-3b-bitcoin-tragedy-that-just-wont-end","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/mt-gox-launches-2010"},{"id":"pizza-day","date":"2010-05-22","title":"Bitcoin Pizza Day — 10,000 BTC for two pizzas","summary":"Laszlo Hanyecz pays 10,000 BTC to Jercos for two Papa John's. The first real-world commercial transaction. At today's prices, the most expensive pizza order in human history.","category":"culture","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":0.0041,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":1794975509.76,"multiple":17949756.098,"links":[{"label":"bitcointalk.org — Original \"Pizza for bitcoins?\" thread where laszlo (Hanyecz) offered and completed the 10,000 BTC for two pizzas trade","url":"https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=137.0","type":"primary"},{"label":"Bitcoin Wiki — Laszlo Hanyecz","url":"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Laszlo_Hanyecz","type":"reference"},{"label":"Bitcoin Magazine — Happy Bitcoin Pizza Day, anniversary of Hanyecz paying 10,000 BTC for two Papa John's pies","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/happy-bitcoin-pizza-day-16th-anniversary","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-pizza-day-2010"},{"id":"satoshi-launches-the-bitcoin-forum-later-bitcointalk-org-2009","date":"2009-11-22","title":"Satoshi launches the Bitcoin forum (later bitcointalk.org)","summary":"Satoshi Nakamoto opens the first dedicated Bitcoin discussion forum — later migrated to the bitcointalk.org domain — which becomes the hub for early development and the source of most of Satoshi's surviving writings.","category":"infrastructure","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":null,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":null,"multiple":null,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin Wiki — BitcoinTalk","url":"https://bitcoinwiki.org/wiki/bitcointalk","type":"reference"},{"label":"History of Bitcoin — A Forum for Debate","url":"https://www.historyofbitcoin.io/timeline/a-forum-for-debate","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/satoshi-launches-the-bitcoin-forum-later-bitcointalk-org-2009"},{"id":"first-exchange-rate","date":"2009-10-05","title":"First published exchange rate","summary":"New Liberty Standard publishes 1 USD = 1,309.03 BTC, derived from the cost of electricity to mine a coin. Bitcoin had a price.","category":"market","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":0.00076,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":9683420952.63,"multiple":96834210.526,"links":[{"label":"Atlas21 — The first official BTC/USD exchange rate (New Liberty Standard, Oct 5 2009: $1 = 1,309.03 BTC)","url":"https://atlas21.com/the-first-official-btc-usd-exchange-rate/","type":"reference"},{"label":"BullionStar (Ronan Manly) — Dawn of Bitcoin Price Discovery 2009–2011: the very early Bitcoin exchanges","url":"https://www.bullionstar.com/blogs/ronan-manly/dawn-of-bitcoin-price-discovery-2009-2011-the-very-early-bitcoin-exchanges/","type":"reference"},{"label":"Bitbo Bitcoin Calendar — What Was the First Valuation Given to Bitcoin? (Oct 5, 2009)","url":"https://bitbo.io/calendar/first-valuation/","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/first-bitcoin-exchange-rate-2009"},{"id":"first-tx","date":"2009-01-12","title":"First-ever Bitcoin transaction","summary":"Satoshi sends 10 BTC to Hal Finney in block 170 — the first transaction other than a coinbase. Finney would later receive a Bitcoin he never sold.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":null,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":null,"multiple":null,"links":[{"label":"mempool.space — Bitcoin transaction f4184fc... (block 170, first BTC transaction, 12 Jan 2009)","url":"https://mempool.space/tx/f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16","type":"primary"},{"label":"Wikipedia — History of bitcoin (Finney received 10 BTC, block 170, 12 Jan 2009)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bitcoin","type":"reference"},{"label":"Guinness World Records — First Bitcoin transaction (Nakamoto to Finney, 12 Jan 2009)","url":"https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/696243-first-bitcoin-transaction","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/first-bitcoin-transaction-satoshi-finney-2009"},{"id":"v0-1-released","date":"2009-01-09","title":"Bitcoin v0.1 released","summary":"Satoshi posts the first software release. ~16,000 lines of C++. The reference implementation that every full node since traces back to.","category":"protocol","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":null,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":null,"multiple":null,"links":[{"label":"Satoshi Nakamoto Institute — \"Bitcoin v0.1 released\" (archived original cryptography mailing list announcement, Jan 2009)","url":"https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/emails/cryptography/16/","type":"primary"},{"label":"Cryptography Mailing List archive (metzdowd.com) — original \"Bitcoin v0.1 released\" post by Satoshi Nakamoto","url":"https://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2009-January/014994.html","type":"reference"},{"label":"Bitcoin Wiki — 2009 timeline: \"Bitcoin v0.1 is released on the cryptography mailing list and mining begins\"","url":"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/2009","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-v0-1-released-2009"},{"id":"genesis-block","date":"2009-01-03","title":"Genesis block mined","summary":"Block 0 contains the now-famous embedded headline: 'The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks.' A timestamp, a manifesto, and a permanent middle finger to fiat — all in one coinbase.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":null,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":null,"multiple":null,"links":[{"label":"Blockchain.com Explorer — Bitcoin Block 0 (Genesis Block)","url":"https://www.blockchain.com/explorer/blocks/btc/0","type":"primary"},{"label":"Bitcoin Wiki — Genesis block","url":"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Genesis_block","type":"reference"},{"label":"CryptoSlate — Bitcoin genesis block anniversary marks 16 years of financial revolution","url":"https://cryptoslate.com/bitcoin-genesis-block-anniversary-marks-16-years-of-financial-revolution/","type":"news"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-genesis-block-2009"},{"id":"whitepaper","date":"2008-10-31","title":"Satoshi publishes the Bitcoin whitepaper","summary":"Posted to the Cryptography Mailing List under the title 'Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System' — nine pages that defined a sixteen-year-and-counting argument.","category":"protocol","pivotal":true,"priceAtEventUsd":null,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":null,"multiple":null,"links":[{"label":"Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (original whitepaper PDF, bitcoin.org)","url":"https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf","type":"primary"},{"label":"Satoshi Nakamoto's original announcement email, \"Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper\", cryptography mailing list, Oct 31 2008 (Satoshi Nakamoto Institute)","url":"https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/emails/cryptography/1/","type":"reference"},{"label":"Bitcoin — Wikipedia (whitepaper posted to cryptography mailing list on 31 October 2008)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/satoshi-bitcoin-whitepaper-2008"},{"id":"domain-registered","date":"2008-08-18","title":"bitcoin.org domain registered","summary":"Anonymously registered through anonymousspeech.com — the first public footprint of the project, ten weeks before the whitepaper appeared.","category":"culture","pivotal":false,"priceAtEventUsd":null,"priceTodayUsd":73594,"percentChange":null,"multiple":null,"links":[{"label":"WHOIS record for bitcoin.org (shows Registered On: 2008-08-18)","url":"https://www.whois.com/whois/bitcoin.org","type":"primary"},{"label":"Bitcoin.org is 10 Years Old! — official bitcoin.org blog post on the domain registered August 18, 2008","url":"https://bitcoin.org/en/posts/ten-year-anniversary","type":"primary"},{"label":"History of bitcoin — Wikipedia (\"On 18 August 2008, the domain name bitcoin.org was registered\")","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bitcoin","type":"reference"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://bitcoinsdead.com/timeline/bitcoin-org-domain-registered-2008"}]}